Pharmacopoeial Analysis - practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2020-2021

Topic

Within the frame of the theoretical and practical trainings of this subject students will study the analytical approach of chemistry. This approach is crucial for the study of almost all pharmaceutical sciences like pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical technology etc. Students have to learn and examine the theory and practice of analytical reactions, methods, rules and calculations. Students will learn how to identify an unknown inorganic sample in both simple and complex manner of the analysis. At the end of the semester they should be able to know how to analyze an unknown sample for the most important cations and anions. Students should prove to demonstrate that they know how to use the theoretical knowledge in the pharmaceutical practice while finding out what their unknown sample is.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Laboratory regulations, safety, protection against accidents, notebook (keeping and recording), laboratory equipment and working place.
• 2. Safety instructions
• 3. Laboratory equipment
• 4. Investigation of the reactions of silver, lead,
• 5. Mercury(I) and (II),
• 6. Copper, cadmium and bismuth cations.
• 7. Study of arsenic,
• 8. Antimony and
• 9. Tin ion couples.
• 10. Studies about nickel, cobalt, Iron(II) and
• 11. Iron(III), manganese and
• 12. Chromium cations.
• 13. Written midterm test.
• 14. Aluminium
• 15. Zinc
• 16. Simple analysis of the 1st group
• 17. Simple analysis of the 2nd group
• 18. Simple analysis of the 3rd group
• 19. Calcium
• 20. Strontium
• 21. Barium
• 22. Magnesium, Lithium
• 23. Sodium, Potassium
• 24. Ammonium
• 25. Written test II
• 26. Simple analysis of the 4th group
• 27. Simple analysis of the 4th group
• 28. Carbonate, Hydrocarbonate
• 29. Sulphite, Thiosulphate
• 30. Polysulphide, Silicate
• 31. Hypochloride, Iodate
• 32. Bromate, Sulfate
• 33. Phosphates
• 34. Borate, Fluoride
• 35. Chloride, Bromide
• 36. Thiocyanide
• 37. Iodode, Cyanide
• 38. Nitrite, Nitrate, Chlorate, Perchlorate, Acetate
• 39. Written test III
• 40. Complex
• 41. Summary
• 42. Closing

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

A. Lásztity, J. Gyimesi: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Literature developed by the Department

There is a written form of lectute notes by Dr Huber available from the NEPTUN. Further, the students will receive practical guidance from the given instructor week by week.

Notes

Recommended literature

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 15 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

The topic ends with a practical grade. A student with a failed grade is not allowed to enter the exam! The students are supposed to have at least passmark for both midterm tests and a 70% practical result for a license for entering the exam!
The knowledge and practical ability of the students will be measured by unknown tests. That means, that they will be given certain amount (number) of unknown analytical samples to be identified by the usual chemical reactions, possible analytical methods! Every student will have his or her own sample set for individual practical work. The result of this work must be above 70%!

Making up for missed classes

All missed practicals are to be recovered on the next meeting (next week)!

Exam topics/questions

1.) Definition, principles and topic of qualitative inorganic analysis. Quality assurance and control of chemical substances and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Available reactions. Stoichiometry.
2. Equilibrium reactions in solution, definition, calculations. Acid-base theories, calculation of pH, complexes (steric structures and isomerism), precipitate formation, solubility.
3.) Classification of chemical reactions: acid-base, complex-forming, and redox reactions. Electrode potentials.
4.) Sensitivity and specificity of chemical reactions. Dilution limit, limit-concentration. Analytical equipment, methods (macro, micro, semimicro, etc.). Preliminary investigations: sample-taking, homogenization, dissolution, digestion, direct heating, flame-test, etc.
5.) Classification of the cations: 1st group of cations (Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+).
6.) 2nd group of cations (As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+. Separation of the first two groups of cations.
7.) 3rd group of cations I. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+).
8.) 3rd group of cations II. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+). Separation of the 3rd group of cations.
9.) 4th and 5th group of cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+; Mg2+, Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+). Separation of the 4th and 5th group. Separation of magnesium ion from the other ions of the 5th group.
10.) Classification of the anions: 1st group of anions (CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, S2O32-, S2- and Sx2-, SiO32-, OCl-).
11.) 2nd group of anions (IO3-, BrO3-, SO42-, PO43-, B(OH)4-, F-).
12.) 3rd group of anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, SCN-).
13.) 4th group of anions (NO2-, NO3-, ClO3-, ClO4-, CH3COO-). Complex analysis: cation(s) and anion(s) in the same sample. Practices

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Dr. Gulyás Gergely
• Dr. Huber Imre
• Dr. Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• Dr. Rozmer Zsuzsanna