Pharmacodynamics 1

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2022-2023

Topic

The aim of the course is to provide the students with the pharmacological knowledge required for their future work in the field of pharmacy. Important topics are the general principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system. It must be emphasized that the knowledge of the physiological principles is absolutely needed for the study of this subject.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction to neuropharmacology. General characterization of the autonomic nervous system - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 2. Cholinergic agonists - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 3. Cholinesterase inhibitors I - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 4. Cholinesterase inhibitors II - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 5. Muscarinic receptor antagonists I - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 6. Muscarinic receptor antagonists II - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 7. Neuromuscular blocking agents I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 8. Neuromuscular blocking agents II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 9. Agents acting on biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 10. Agents acting on biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 11. Adrenergic receptor agonists I - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 12. Adrenergic receptor agonists II - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 13. Adrenergic receptor antagonists I - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 14. Adrenergic receptor antagonists II - Dr. Barthó Loránd
• 15. Pharmacology of calcium channels I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 16. Pharmacology of calcium channels II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 17. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system I - Dr. Poór Miklós
• 18. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system II - Dr. Poór Miklós
• 19. Diuretics I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 20. Diuretics II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 21. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure I - Dr. Börzsei Rita Judit
• 22. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure II - Dr. Börzsei Rita Judit
• 23. Antiarrhythmic drugs I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 24. Antiarrhythmic drugs II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 25. Antianginal drugs I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 26. Antianginal drugs II. Drugs that increase regional blood flow - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 27. Antihypertensive drugs I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• 28. Antihypertensive drugs II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István

Practices

Seminars

• 1. Introduction to pharmacodynamics I
• 2. Introduction to pharmacodynamics II
• 3. Basic mechanisms of drug actions
• 4. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction I
• 5. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction II
• 6. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction III
• 7. Signal transduction mechanisms of drug receptors
• 8. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance to drugs
• 9. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms I
• 10. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms II
• 11. Transport of drugs across membranes
• 12. Absorption of drugs I
• 13. Absorption of drugs II. Binding of drugs to plasma proteins
• 14. Distribution of drugs
• 15. Biotransformation of drugs I
• 16. Biotransformation of drugs II
• 17. Biotransformation of drugs III
• 18. Excretion of drugs
• 19. Pharmacokinetic parameters I
• 20. Pharmacokinetic parameters II
• 21. Local anesthetics I
• 22. Local anesthetics II
• 23. Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia
• 24. Theoretical basis of the effects of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system
• 25. Discussion of the pharmacology of the parasympathetic nervous system I.
• 26. Discussion of the pharmacology of the parasympathetic nervous system II
• 27. Discussion of the pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system I
• 28. Discussion of the pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system II

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Electronic handouts are provided for most topics.

Notes

Recommended literature

Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 9th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2019
B. G. Katzung (ed.): Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2018

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 25 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

After the 10th week of the semester, a midterm test is written. The test covers the material of the seminars of the first 10 weeks of the semester. Students are required to reach at least 50%. Should someone fail to reach 50%, the semester performance will not be accepted and the student cannot take the exam. In such a case, students not reaching the required 50% on the first midterm test will have the possibility to repeat the written test until the end of the semester. In case of a final failure (that is after the improvement attempt), the student cannot take the exam.

Making up for missed classes

There is no way to make up for missed lectures or seminars.

Exam topics/questions

Reqirements: the exams are oral, the required topics are dealt with in lectures and seminars.
Exam questions:
1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions)
2. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction: occupancy, affinity, dose-response curve, potency, efficacy
3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance to drugs
4. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms
5. Transport of drugs across membranes
6. Absorption of drugs
7. Distribution of drugs
8. Biotransformation of drugs
9. Excretion of drugs
10. Quantitative pharmacokinetics: zero and first order elimination, volume of distribution, clearance, elimination half-life, oral bioavailability, calculation of loading and maintenance doses
11. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors
12. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
13. Neuromuscular blocking agents. Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia
14. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines
15. Adrenergic receptor agonists
16. Adrenergic receptor antagonists
17. Local anaesthetics
18. Calcium channel blockers
19. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
20. Diuretic drugs
21. Positive inotropic and other drugs used to treat congestive heart failure
22. Antianginal drugs. Drugs that increase regional blood flow
23. Antihypertensive drugs
24. Antiarrhythmic drugs

In addition to the exam topics, an important part of the exam is answering questions that aim at assessing the general knowledge of the student.

Examiners

• Dr. Barthó Loránd
• Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• Dr. Poór Miklós

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Dr. Faisal Anna Zelma
• Dr. Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• Dr. Mohos Violetta Karolin
• Dr. Pethő Gábor István
• Dr. Poór Miklós