Pharmacology 2

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2021-2022

Course director

Number of hours/semester

lectures: 42 hours

practices: 0 hours

seminars: 28 hours

total of: 70 hours

Subject data

  • Code of subject: OAK-PH2-T
  • 5 kredit
  • General Medicine
  • Clinical modul
  • spring
Prerequisites:

OAK-PH1-T completed , OAP-MO2-T completed

Exam course:

yes

Course headcount limitations

min. 5

Topic

The general aim of the subject is to provide the medical students with all the basic information in pharmacology necessary to understand the actions of drugs and the clinical pharmacotherapy and to pass the Foreign Medical Graduate Examination in Medical Sciences. Pharmacology can be defined as the study of the manner in which the function of living systems is affected by chemical agents. Therefore, the students should be familiar with the basic knowledge of the physiological, pathophysiological and biochemical background of the pharmacological and therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, drug therapy is closely related to the clinical aspects of diseases.
The following topics will be dealt with. Pharmacology of the central nervous system. Opioid analgesic drugs. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal system. Pharmacology of the endocrine system: pituitary hormones, corticosteroids, reproductive system, thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, insulin, glucagon and oral hypoglycemic agents, vitamin D, treatment of osteoporosis. Chemotherapy: sulphonamides and trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolide antibiotics, clindamycin, vancomycin, polymyxins, aminoglycosides, antituberculotics, treatment of leprosy. Antifungal drugs, antiviral agents, antiprotozoal drugs, antihelminthic agents, antiseptics and disinfectants. Pharmacogenetics, effects of age, diet and diseases on drug action. Drug interactions. Basics of toxicology.

Lectures

  • 1. Neurotransmitters of the CNS - Dr. Szőke Éva
  • 2. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs I - Dr. Barthó Loránd
  • 3. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs II - Dr. Barthó Loránd
  • 4. Antipsychotic drugs I - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 5. Antipsychotic drugs II - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 6. Antidepressants I - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 7. Antidepressants II - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 8. Antiepileptic drugs - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 9. General anesthetics I - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 10. General anesthetics II - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 11. Opioid analgesic drugs I - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 12. Opioid analgesic drugs II - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 13. Drug abuse and dependence I - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 14. Drug abuse and dependence II - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 15. Drug abuse and dependence III - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 16. Corticosteroids I - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 17. Corticosteroids II - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 18. Estrogens, anti-estrogens, progestins and anti-progestins - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 19. Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Hormonal contraceptives - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 20. Androgens, anabolic steroids and anti-androgens - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 21. Insulin, insulin analogs - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 22. Oral hypoglycemic agents. Glucagon - Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • 23. Drugs acting on bone metabolism I - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 24. Drugs acting on bone metabolism II - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 25. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy - Dr. Sándor Zoltán
  • 26. Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine. Fluoroquinolones - Dr. Sándor Zoltán
  • 27. Nitroimidazoles, RNA polymerase inhibitors - Dr. Sándor Zoltán
  • 28. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis I - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 29. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis II - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 30. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis III - Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • 31. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis I - Dr. Borbély Éva
  • 32. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis II - Dr. Borbély Éva
  • 33. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis III - Dr. Borbély Éva
  • 34. Antimycotic drugs - Dr. Pozsgai Gábor
  • 35. Antiviral drugs I - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 36. Antiviral drugs III - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 37. Antiviral drugs III - Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna
  • 38. Drug interactions - Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • 39. Management of the poisoned patient I - Dr. Gregus Zoltán
  • 40. Management of the poisoned patient II - Dr. Gregus Zoltán
  • 41. Drug intoxications I - Dr. Gregus Zoltán
  • 42. Drug intoxications II - Dr. Gregus Zoltán

Practices

Seminars

  • 1. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract I
  • 2. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract II
  • 3. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract III
  • 4. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract IV
  • 5. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract V
  • 6. Local anesthetics
  • 7. Pharmacology of alcohols I
  • 8. Pharmacology of alcohols II
  • 9. Drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders I
  • 10. Drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders II
  • 11. Psychomotor stimulants and nootropic agents
  • 12. Adjuvant analgesics. Centrally-acting muscle relaxants
  • 13. Group discussion CNS drugs
  • 14. Group discussion: drug abuse
  • 15. Pharmacology of the thyroid gland
  • 16. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones I
  • 17. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones II
  • 18. Antituberculotic drugs. Anti-leprosy drugs
  • 19. Antiprotozoal drugs I
  • 20. Antiprotozoal drugs II
  • 21. Anthelminthic drugs
  • 22. Antiseptics and disinfectants
  • 23. Group discussion: antibiotics
  • 24. Group discussion: antibiotics
  • 25. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics
  • 26. Effects of age, diet and disease on drug action
  • 27. Harmful effects of drugs I
  • 28. Harmful effects of drugs II

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Materials related to the topics discussed in lectures and seminars will be available in Neptun.

Notes

Recommended literature

Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 9th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2020
B. G. Katzung (ed.): Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2018

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 25 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

There is no mid-semester test.

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group in the same week.

Exam topics/questions

1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels,
enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions)
2. Characterisation of agonist-receptor interaction: occupancy, affinity, concentration-
response curve, potency, efficacy, quantal dose-response curve
3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and
tolerance to drugs
4. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms. Inverse agonism
5. Transport of drugs across membranes
6. Absorption of drugs
7. Distribution of drugs
8. Biotransformation of drugs
9. Excretion of drugs
10. Pharmacokinetics: zero and first order elimination kinetics, elimination half-life, volume
of distribution, clearance, maintenance dose, loading dose, oral bioavailability
11. Drug formulations. Prescription writing
12. Drug research and development
13. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors
14. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
15. Neuromuscular blocking agents
16. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines
17. Adrenergic receptor agonists
18. Adrenergic receptor antagonists
19. Pharmacology of protein and peptide mediators, the purinergic system and nitric oxide
20. Calcium channel blockers
21. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
22. Diuretic drugs
23. Antiarrhythmic drugs
24. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure
25. Antianginal drugs
26. Antihypertensive drugs
27. Drugs that increase regional blood flow. Drug treatment of obesity
28. Basic principles of fluid therapy
29. Drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias
30. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs
31. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, hemostatic agents
32. Drugs affecting hematopoiesis
33. Histamine, antihistaminic drugs
34. Serotonin, serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists. Drug treatment of migraine
35. Pharmacology of eicosanoids. Drugs acting on smooth muscle
36. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: aspirin, paracetamol
37. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: drugs other than aspirin or paracetamol. Drugs
used to treat gout
38. Antineoplastic drugs: cytotoxic drugs
39. Antineoplastic drugs: hormonal agents, biological therapy
40. Immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
41. Drugs used to treat bronchial asthma
42. Drug treatment of allergic rhinitis. Antitussives, expectorants and mucolytics
43. Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer
44. Emetics, antiemetics and prokinetic drugs
45. Laxatives, antidiarrhoeal agents, drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and
paralytic ileus, digestives, drugs used in cholelithiasis
46. Local anesthetics
47. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs
48. Alcohols: pharmacology, toxicology
49. Antipsychotic drugs
50. Antidepressants
51. Antiepileptic drugs
52. General anesthetics
53. Drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
54. Psychomotor stimulants and nootropic agents
55. Opioid analgesic drugs: morphine and codeine
56. Opioid analgesic drugs: semisynthetic, synthetic opioids, opioid antagonists
57. Adjuvant analgesics. Centrally-acting muscle relaxants
58. Drug abuse and dependence: general principles, opioids, anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs,
inhalants, ethanol
59. Drug abuse and dependence: psychomotor stimulants, psychedelics, cannabis
60. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
61. Corticosteroids
62. Estrogens, antiestrogens, progestins, antiprogestins
63. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraceptives
64. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens
65. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs
66. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Glucagon
67. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D, drugs used to treat osteoporosis
68. Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine. Fluoroquinolones
69. Nitroimidazoles. RNA polymerase inhibitors
70. Penicillins, cefalosporins
71. Carbapenems, monobactams, beta lactamase inhibitors
72. Glycopeptide antibiotics. Daptomycin, fosfomycin, bacitracin, polymyxins, gramicidins
73. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides
74. Macrolide antibiotics, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, oxazolidinones, streptogramins
75. Antituberculotic drugs. Anti-leprosy drugs
76. Antifungal drugs
77. Antiviral drugs: drugs against herpes and hepatitis viruses
78. Antiviral drugs: drugs against HIV and influenza viruses
79. Antiprotozoal drugs
80. Anthelminthic drugs
81. Antiseptics and disinfectants
82. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics. Effects of age, diet and disease on drug action
83. Harmful effects of drugs
84. Drug interactions
85. The treatment of the intoxicated patient: decontamination, facilitation of toxicant
elimination, antidote administration, supportive treatment
86. Drug intoxications: mechanisms, symptoms, treatment

Upon the oral exam, 2 exam topics are chosen. In addition to these exam topics, important parts of the exam are the questions that aim at assessing the general knowledge of the student. Bad performance in this part of the exam may lead to failure regardless of the answers to exam topics.

Examiners

  • Dr. Barthó Loránd
  • Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • Dr. Pozsgai Gábor
  • Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

  • Dr. Barthó Loránd
  • Dr. Borbély Éva
  • Dr. Bölcskei Kata
  • Dr. Csekő Kata
  • Dr. Gregus Zoltán
  • Dr. Horváth Ádám István
  • Dr. Konkoly János
  • Dr. Pethő Gábor István
  • Dr. Pozsgai Gábor
  • Dr. Sánticsné Dr. Pintér Erika
  • Dr. Tamasikné Dr. Helyes Zsuzsanna