Causes of Expansion and Preventive Methods in Infectious Diseases

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2023-2024

Topic

- factors contributing to the spread of infectious diseases, both within and outside the hospital,
- procedures for preventing and controlling the spread of infections,
- the classical and new methods used in epidemiology, the possible use of the results obtained by these methods to stop the spread of infectious diseases,
- the factors that human activity has caused in the Earth's ecological system and which have an impact on the spread of infectious diseases, and the emerging (new) infectious diseases,
- the role of the human microbiota in the development of infectious and non-infectious diseases,
- emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases,
- possible ways of bioterrorist attacks and their early detection
- epidemiology and prevention of nosocomial infections,
- what are the possibilities for slowing down and stopping the spread of multi-resistant pathogens in a hospital environment
- Principles for the correct use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance
- effective method of vaccination to prevent certain infectious diseases

Lectures

• 1. Basic concepts, aims and tools, short historical introduction. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 2. Basic concepts, aims and tools, short historical introduction. John Graunt, William Petty, John Snow, Peter. A. Schleisner, Ignác Semmelweis, Joseph Lister, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 3. The transmission of infections (vectors, reservoirs). Reservoirs, source of infections, mode of transmission and port of entry for infections. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 4. The transmission of infections (vectors, reservoirs) Reservoirs, source of infections, mode of transmission and port of entry for infections. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 5. The traditional epidemiologic methods biostatistics, Viewpoints of statistical analysis, choosing of the right methods for statistical analysis, type of the studies: cohort (follow-up study), case-control, cross-sectional study, the limitations of the studies; the types of the bias/errors. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 6. The traditional epidemiologic methods; the laboratory identification of pathogens, classic and new non-nucleic acid-based methods, MALDI-TOF MS. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 7. Molecular epidemiologic methods of infectious diseases. Plasmid profile analysis, ribotyping, macro-restrictions endonuclease mapping by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, types of PCR, isothermal reactions: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), and nucleotide hybridizing methods. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 8. Molecular epidemiologic methods of infectious diseases. Nucleotide sequencing based methods; Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), core genome Sequence Typing, (cgMLST), whole genome sequencing (WGS). - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 9. How do environmental factors like climate, society, nutrition, human behaviour affect the spread of infectious diseases? - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 10. How do environmental factors affect the spread of infectious diseases? International travels, international trading, industry, agriculture and lands use etc. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 11. How do environmental factors affect the spread of infectious diseases? The role of the humane microbiome in communicable and non-communicable diseases. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 12. Emerging and re-emerging Infections - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 13. Emerging and re-emerging Infections. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 14. Emerging and re-emerging Infections. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 15. The risk of bioterrorism and its epidemiologic background; short historical overview. International treaties. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 16. The risk of bioterrorism and its epidemiologic background. Potential pathogens; group A, B, C agents, toxins, methods of take it in action, detection and defence. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 17. Epidemiology of the nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections, the major types: Catheter associated urinary tract infection, ventilation associated pneumonia. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 18. Epidemiology of the nosocomial (hospital acquired) infections: surgical wound infections, catheter-related bloodstream infections, surgical wound infections. Possible ways to prevent the spread of multi-resistant pathogens. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 19. The aims and methods of the infectious disease surveillance. Local and regional systems. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 20. The aims and methods of the infectious disease surveillance. Country wide, European wide. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 21. Factors and measures helping and inhibiting the development of antimicrobial resistance. Prevent infection, Diagnose and treat, infection effectively. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 22. Factors and measures helping and inhibiting the development of antimicrobial resistance. Use antimicrobials wisely; Prevent transmission. - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 23. The possibilities of the prevention of infectious diseases specific methods; vaccination; - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán
• 24. The possibilities of the prevention of infectious diseases aspecific methods.... - Dr. Tigyi Zoltán

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

The slides of the seminars in PDF-file format.

Notes

Recommended literature

Infectious Disease Epidemiology: An Introduction, Eyal Oren PhD MS, Heidi E. Brown PhD MPH, Springer Publishing, 2023.
Bennett & Brachman's Hospital Infections Seventh Edition by William R. Jarvis MD (Author), Wolters Kluwer, 2023
Medical Microbiology, 9th Edition, Patrick R. Murray & Ken S. Rosenthal & Michael A. Pfaller, ELSEVIER, 2020
Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Johan Giesecke, Third Edition, CRC Press. 2017
Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Lee W., ASM Press, 2014
Diseases of Poverty: Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, and Modern Plagues; Lisa V. Adams, John R. Butterly; Dartmouth; 2015
Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Betsy Foxman; Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 2012
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/Pages/home.aspx
American Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; https://www.cdc.gov/
www.who.int/en/

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 25 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

The basis of the mid-semester evaluation is the performance of the students during the discussion of their answers to the questions for checking knowledge, in order to highlight the main points of the lectures or optionally giving a 10-15 minute's presentation from the chosen preannounced subtopics. Tutor supervises and helps the preparation of the presentation. The PDF format of the lectures and the questions for checking knowledge and other additional materials or their links are uploaded in advance into the Team's group of the course or sent to the email addresses of the participants. Since the assessment is continuous, there is no need to make up for it and lectures are available in Team’s group of the course for the case of absence. The time of the presentation can be flexibly changed within certain limits.

Making up for missed classes

The lectures are uploaded in PDF format together with questions for checking knowledge into the Team's group of the course which is accessible to those who are absent during the course.

Exam topics/questions

The lectures and questions for checking knowledge are uploaded to the Team's group of the course before the lectures or sent to the students' email addresses. The subtopics of the optional 10-15-minute lectures are uploaded into the Team’s group at the first lecture.

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Dr. Tigyi Zoltán