Pharmacopoeial Analysis 1 - Theory

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2026-2027

Topic

One of the main tasks of this subject is to encourage participants to think analytically.

This type of conscious way of thinking is essential for the later acquisition of pharmaceutical analysis, pharmaceutical technology and pharmaceutical chemistry.

In order to achieve the tasks and goals, our students learn the theoretical application and regulation of various chemical reactions within the framework of qualitative chemical analysis. They receive theoretical training for all this in lectures, where they also learn about the safe handling of hazardous substances and the protection of water resources.

They carry out their practical work with the theoretical knowledge, during which they apply modern material and energy-saving analytical procedures. Through the combined knowledge acquired in lectures and practical sessions, they become capable of qualitatively analyzing any studied inorganic sample as an unknown, keeping in mind the reduction of environmental burden. With the help of their acquired knowledge in the field of cations and anions, they learn the rules of analytical thinking and the principles of ethical scientific practice. They report on their knowledge in a written colloquium at the end of the semester.

Lectures

• 1.

  Concepts and methods of analytical chemistry

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 2.

  Classification of the chemical reactions, theoretical basics (acid-base theories, complex formation, redox reactions, precipitates)

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 3.

  Classification of the cations, group reactions

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 4.

  Characterization of the cation group I/A

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 5.

  Characterization of the cation group I/B

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 6.

  Characterization of the cation group I/B

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 7.

  Characterization of cation group II

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 8.

  Complex analysis of cation groups I and II

  - Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• 9.

  Characterization of cation group III/1

  - Tyukodi Levente
• 10.

  Characterization of cation group III/1

  - Tyukodi Levente
• 11.

  Characterization of cation group III/2

  - Tyukodi Levente
• 12.

  Characterization of cation group III/2

  - Tyukodi Levente
• 13.

  Characterization of cation group IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 14.

  Complex analysis of cation groups I, II, III and IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 15.

  Characterization of cation group V

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 16.

  Summary of the simple and complex analysis of cations

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 17.

  Classification of anions

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 18.

  Characterization of the anion class I

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 19. Characterization of the anion class II - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 20. Characterization of the anion class II - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 21. Characterization of the anion class III - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 22. Characterization of the anion class III - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 23.

  Characterization of the anion class IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 24.

  Characterization of the anion class IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 25.

  Anions in simple and complex analysis

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 26.

  Anions in simple and complex analysis

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 27.

  Summary

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 28.

  Summary

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

A. Lásztity, J. Gyimesi: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Literature developed by the Department

The students will receive lecture notes (SYLLABUS).

Notes

Recommended literature

1. P.W. West, M.M. Vieck, A.L. LeRosen: Qualitative Analysis and Analytical Chemical Separations

2. H F. Holtzclaw, W. R. Robinson: College Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

The maximum number of absences is three. Above this number the acceptance of the semester is to be refused!
Two written tests during the semester. One of them has to reach 60% and the average of the two has to be over 50%.

Mid-term exams

Only those students are allowed to have an exam at the end of the semester, who completed both the theoretical and practical courses successful.

Two compulsory midterm tests (on the topics of the lectures and the practices) will be written during the semester on the 6-7th and the 11-12th weeks. One of the test results should be above 60%, and the average of the tests should be above 50%. One retake test is allowed on the 14th week of the semester.

Exam topics/questions: The semester is closed with a written final test. The minimum acceptable result is 60%. The final grade is calculated on the results of the final test, two written mid-term tests and the overall result of the practical work throughout the semester.

Making up for missed classes

According to the regulations of the PTE.

Exam topics/questions

1.) Definition, principles and topic of qualitative inorganic analysis. Quality assurance and control of chemical substances and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Available reactions. Stoichiometry.

2. Equilibrium reactions in solution, definition, and calculations. Acid-base theories, calculation of pH, complexes (steric structures and isomerism), precipitate formation, solubility.

3.) Classification of chemical reactions: acid-base, complex-forming, and redox reactions. Electrode potentials.

4.) Sensitivity and specificity of chemical reactions. Dilution limit, limit concentration. Analytical equipment, and methods (macro, micro, semi-micro, etc.). Preliminary investigations: sample-taking, homogenization, dissolution, digestion, direct heating, flame-test, etc.

5.) Classification of the cations: 1st group of cations (Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+).

6.) 2nd group of cations (As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+. Separation of the first two groups of cations.

7.) 3rd group of cations I. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+).

8.) 3rd group of cations II. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+). Separation of the 3rd group of cations.

9.) 4th and 5th group of cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+; Mg2+, Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+). Separation of the 4th and 5th groups. Separation of magnesium ion from the other ions of the 5th group.

10.) Classification of the anions: 1st group of anions (CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, S2O32-, S2- and Sx2-, SiO32-, OCl-).

11.) 2nd group of anions (IO3-, BrO3-, SO42-, PO43-, B(OH)4-, F-).

12.) 3rd group of anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, SCN-).

13.) 4th group of anions (NO2-, NO3-, ClO3-, ClO4-, CH3COO-). Complex analysis: cation(s) and anion(s) in the same sample. Practices

Examiners

• Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• Tyukodi Levente

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Gelencsér Bálint
• Harmath Lilla Édua