Pharmacopoeial Analysis - Practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2026-2027

Topic

One of the main tasks of this subject is to encourage participants to think analytically.

This type of conscious way of thinking is essential for the later acquisition of pharmaceutical analysis, pharmaceutical technology and pharmaceutical chemistry.

In order to achieve the tasks and goals, our students learn the theoretical application and regulation of various chemical reactions within the framework of qualitative chemical analysis. They receive theoretical training for all this in lectures, where they also learn about the safe handling of hazardous substances and the protection of water resources.

They carry out their practical work with the theoretical knowledge, during which they apply modern material and energy-saving analytical procedures. Through the combined knowledge acquired in lectures and practical sessions, they become capable of qualitatively analyzing any studied inorganic sample as an unknown, keeping in mind the reduction of environmental burden. With the help of their acquired knowledge in the field of cations and anions, they learn the rules of analytical thinking and the principles of ethical scientific practice. They report on their knowledge in a written colloquium at the end of the semester.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Laboratory regulations, safety, protection against accidents, notebook (keeping and recording), laboratory equipment and working place.
• 2. Safety instructions
• 3. Laboratory equipment
• 4. Investigation of the reactions of silver, lead,
• 5. Mercury(I) and (II),
• 6. Copper, cadmium and bismuth cations.
• 7. Study of arsenic,
• 8. Antimony and
• 9. Tin ion couples.
• 10. Studies about nickel, cobalt, Iron(II) and
• 11. Iron(III), manganese and
• 12. Chromium cations.
• 13. Written midterm test.
• 14. Aluminium
• 15. Zinc
• 16. Simple analysis of the 1st group
• 17. Simple analysis of the 2nd group
• 18. Simple analysis of the 3rd group
• 19. Calcium
• 20. Strontium
• 21. Barium
• 22. Magnesium, Lithium
• 23. Sodium, Potassium
• 24. Ammonium
• 25. Written test II
• 26. Simple analysis of the 4th group
• 27. Simple analysis of the 4th group
• 28. Carbonate, Hydrocarbonate
• 29. Sulphite, Thiosulphate
• 30. Polysulphide, Silicate
• 31. Hypochloride, Iodate
• 32. Bromate, Sulfate
• 33. Phosphates
• 34. Borate, Fluoride
• 35. Chloride, Bromide
• 36. Thiocyanide
• 37. Iodode, Cyanide
• 38. Nitrite, Nitrate, Chlorate, Perchlorate, Acetate
• 39. Written test III
• 40. Complex
• 41. Summary
• 42. Closing

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

A. Lásztity, J. Gyimesi: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Literature developed by the Department

There is a written form of lectute notes by Dr Huber available from the NEPTUN. Further, the students will receive practical guidance from the given instructor week by week.

Notes

Recommended literature

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

The topic ends with a practical grade. A student with a failed grade is not allowed to enter the exam! Students write a short test in each class based on the class material that day, the average of which must reach 60%. The students have to identify at least 70% of the unknown ions.

Mid-term exams

The topic ends with a practical grade. A student with a failed grade is not allowed to enter the exam! Students write a short test in each class based on the class material that day!

The knowledge and practical ability of the students will be measured by "ion searching "tests. That means, that they will be given certain amount (number) of unknown analytical samples to be identified by the usual chemical reactions, possible analytical methods! Every student will have his or her own sample set for individual practical work. The result of this work must be above 70%!

Making up for missed classes

Missed practices can be made up by consulting the instructor.

Exam topics/questions

1.) Definition, principles and topic of qualitative inorganic analysis. Quality assurance and control of chemical substances and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Available reactions. Stoichiometry.

2. Equilibrium reactions in solution, definition, calculations. Acid-base theories, calculation of pH, complexes (steric structures and isomerism), precipitate formation, solubility.

3.) Classification of chemical reactions: acid-base, complex-forming, and redox reactions. Electrode potentials.

4.) Sensitivity and specificity of chemical reactions. Dilution limit, limit-concentration. Analytical equipment, methods (macro, micro, semimicro, etc.). Preliminary investigations: sample-taking, homogenization, dissolution, digestion, direct heating, flame-test, etc.

5.) Classification of the cations: 1st group of cations (Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+).

6.) 2nd group of cations (As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+. Separation of the first two groups of cations.

7.) 3rd group of cations I. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+).

8.) 3rd group of cations II. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+). Separation of the 3rd group of cations.

9.) 4th and 5th group of cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+; Mg2+, Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+). Separation of the 4th and 5th group. Separation of magnesium ion from the other ions of the 5th group.

10.) Classification of the anions: 1st group of anions (CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, S2O32-, S2- and Sx2-, SiO32-, OCl-).

11.) 2nd group of anions (IO3-, BrO3-, SO42-, PO43-, B(OH)4-, F-).

12.) 3rd group of anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, SCN-).

13.) 4th group of anions (NO2-, NO3-, ClO3-, ClO4-, CH3COO-). Complex analysis: cation(s) and anion(s) in the same sample. Practices

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Gelencsér Bálint
• Harmath Lilla Édua
• Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• Rozmer Zsuzsanna
• Tyukodi Levente