Pharmacopoeial Analysis 1 - Theory

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

Within the frame of the theoretical and practical trainings of this subject students will study the analytical approach of chemistry. This approach is crucial for the study of almost all pharmaceutical sciences like pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical technology etc. Students have to learn and examine the theory and practice of analytical reactions, methods, rules and calculations. Students will learn how to identify an unknown inorganic sample in both simple and complex manner of the analysis. At the end of the semester they should be able to know how to analyze an unknown sample for the most important cations and anions. Students should prove to demonstrate that they know how to use the theoretical knowledge in the pharmaceutical practice while finding out what their unknown sample is.

Lectures

• 1. Concepts and methods of analytical chemistry - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 2. Classification of the chemical reactions, theoretical basics (acid-base theories, complex formation, redox reactions, precipitates) - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 3. Classification of the cations, group reactions - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 4. Characterization of the cation group I/A - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 5. Characterization of the cation group I/B - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 6. Characterization of the cation group I/B - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 7. Characterization of cation group II - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 8. Complex analysis of cation groups I and II - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 9. Characterization of cation group III/1 - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 10. Characterization of cation group III/1 - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 11. Characterization of cation group III/2 - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 12. Characterization of cation group III/2 - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 13.

  Characterization of cation group IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 14.

  Complex analysis of cation groups I, II, III and IV

  - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 15. Characterization of cation group V - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 16. Summary of the simple and complex analysis of cations - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 17. Classification of anions - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 18. Characterization of the anion class I - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 19. Characterization of the anion class II - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 20. Characterization of the anion class II - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 21. Characterization of the anion class III - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 22. Characterization of the anion class III - Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• 23. Characterization of the anion class IV - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 24. Characterization of the anion class IV - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 25. Anions in simple and complex analysis - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 26. Anions in simple and complex analysis - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 27. Summary - Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• 28. Summary - Kulcsár Győző Kornél

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

A. Lásztity, J. Gyimesi: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Literature developed by the Department

The students will receive lecture notes (SYLLABUS).

Notes

Recommended literature

1. P.W. West, M.M. Vieck, A.L. LeRosen: Qualitative Analysis and Analytical Chemical Separations

2. H F. Holtzclaw, W. R. Robinson: College Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

The maximum number of absences is three. Above this number the acceptance of the semester is to be refused!

Mid-term exams

Only those students are allowed to have an exam at the end of the semester, who completed both the theoretical and practical courses successful.

Two compulsory midterm tests (on the topics of the lectures and the practices) will be written during the semester on the 6-7th and the 11-12th weeks. One of the test results should be above 60%, and the average of the tests should be above 50%. One retake test is allowed on the 14th week of the semester.

Exam topics/questions: The semester is closed with a written final test. The minimum acceptable result is 60%. The final grade is calculated on the results of the final test, two written mid-term tests and the overall result of the practical work throughout the semester.

Making up for missed classes

According to the regulations of the PTE.

Exam topics/questions

1.) Definition, principles and topic of qualitative inorganic analysis. Quality assurance and control of chemical substances and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Available reactions. Stoichiometry.

2. Equilibrium reactions in solution, definition, and calculations. Acid-base theories, calculation of pH, complexes (steric structures and isomerism), precipitate formation, solubility.

3.) Classification of chemical reactions: acid-base, complex-forming, and redox reactions. Electrode potentials.

4.) Sensitivity and specificity of chemical reactions. Dilution limit, limit concentration. Analytical equipment, and methods (macro, micro, semi-micro, etc.). Preliminary investigations: sample-taking, homogenization, dissolution, digestion, direct heating, flame-test, etc.

5.) Classification of the cations: 1st group of cations (Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+).

6.) 2nd group of cations (As3+, As5+, Sb3+, Sb5+, Sn2+, Sn4+. Separation of the first two groups of cations.

7.) 3rd group of cations I. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+).

8.) 3rd group of cations II. (Co2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Al3+, Zn2+). Separation of the 3rd group of cations.

9.) 4th and 5th group of cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+; Mg2+, Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+). Separation of the 4th and 5th groups. Separation of magnesium ion from the other ions of the 5th group.

10.) Classification of the anions: 1st group of anions (CO32-, HCO3-, SO32-, S2O32-, S2- and Sx2-, SiO32-, OCl-).

11.) 2nd group of anions (IO3-, BrO3-, SO42-, PO43-, B(OH)4-, F-).

12.) 3rd group of anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, SCN-).

13.) 4th group of anions (NO2-, NO3-, ClO3-, ClO4-, CH3COO-). Complex analysis: cation(s) and anion(s) in the same sample. Practices

Examiners

• Kovács-Rozmer Katalin
• Kulcsár Győző Kornél
• Rozmer Zsuzsanna

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars