Pharmacobotany 2 - Practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2020-2021

Topic

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany, including cytology, histology, morphology and taxonomy of plants. Plant systematics discusses the classification and geographical origin of plant species, the possibilities of cultivation and nature conservation. A special emphasis is laid on chemotaxonomic aspects, since the medicinal effect of a plant is often related to its taxonomic classification and chemical characteristics. Practical instruction focuses on the knowledge and identification of medicinal plants, which is based on the proficient use of morphological characters. The thorough knowledge of both general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Fungi: Morphology of Ganoderma lucidum, Fomes fomentarius and Lentinus edodes. Lichenes: Morphology of Cetraria islandica.
• 2. Pteridophyta: Shoot types, sporangia and spores of Lycopodium clavatum and Equisetum arvense; shoot and rhizome of Dryopteris filix-mas.
• 3. Spermatophyta: Coniferophytina: Cross section of Ginkgo leaf. Inflorescences, needles and wood of Pinus nigra. Angiospermatophytina: Dicotyledonopsida: Magnoliidae: Aristolochiaceae.
• 4. Ranunculaceae, Helleboraceae. Helleborus leaf and aggregate of follicles.
• 5. Berberidaceae. Papaveraceae - Papaver sp. pistil and fruit. Fumariaceae.
• 6. Caryophyllidae: Phytolaccaceae. Polygonaceae: leaf morphology of Rumex sp. Caryophyllaceae - leaf arrangement, Saponaria officinalis root.
• 7. Hamamelididae: Fagaceae - leaf morphology and fruit types of Fagus and Quercus species. Betulaceae. Juglandaceae - Juglans regia fruit.
• 8. Rosidae I.: Grossulariaceae, Crassulaceae. Plant identification practice with identification key.
• 9. Rosidae II: Rosaceae - Rosaceae flower and fruit types. Pseudofruit of Rosa canina and Malus domestica.
• 10. Fabaceae - morphology of the flower, leaf and fruit. Leaf and fruit of Laburnum, Medicago and Sophora.
• 11. Rosidae III: Araliaceae: Morphological features of Hedera helix and Panax ginseng. Apiaceae: compound umbel, double achene.
• 12. Punicaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae, Rutaceae. Hesperidium of Citrus limon.
• 13. Rosidae IV: Anacardiaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Geraniaceae - cover hairs and glandular hairs, fruit types. Rhamnaceae - morphology of Rhamnus cathartica and Frangula alnus.
• 14. Vitaceae, Loranthaceae, Violaceae, Cucurbitaceae. Dilleniidae: Brassicaceae - silique and silicle. Salicaceae.
• 15. Dilleniidae: Tiliaceae - leaf morphology of Tilia sp. Cannabaceae - bifid hairs and glandular scales of Humulus lupulus.
• 16. Malvaceae, Moraceae. Urticaceae: Urtica dioica stinging hairs. Euphorbiaceae - cyathium inflorescence. Elaeagnaceae: stellate hairs of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Hypericaecae, Primulaceae.
• 17. Cornidae: Caprifoliaceae - Sambucus nigra shoot. Valerianaceae, Rubiaceae. Apocynaceae. Asclepiadaceae. Oleaceae - fruit types.
• 18. Plant identification practice.
• 19. Lamiidae I.: Solanaceae: fruit types. Plantaginaceae : leaf morphology of Plantago sp.
• 20. Boraginaceae - non-glandular trichomes. Scrophulariaceae - Verbascum phlomoides hairs. Verbenaceae.
• 21. Lamiidae II.: Lamiaceae.
• 22. Shoot and leaf morphology of Lamiaceae species. Structure of a Lamiaceae flower.
• 23. Asteridae: Asteraceae
• 24. Asteraceae: capitulum types.
• 25. Monocotyledonopsida: Dioscoreaceae, Convallariaceae, Asparagaceae, Ruscaceae.
• 26. Alliaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae. Morphological distinction of Allium ursinum and Convallaria majalis.
• 27. Visit to the botanical garden.
• 28. Visit to the medicinal plant garden.

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 2. University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2020
N. Papp: Pharmacobotany Practices. University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2011

Literature developed by the Department

Farkas Á., Papp N., Bencsik T., Horváth Gy.: Digital Herbarium and Drug Atlas, electronic learning material, 2014 TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016
Species descriptions of the medicinal plants studied in the practices will be availabe in Moodle.

Notes

Recommended literature

Z. Yaniv, U. Bachrach (eds.): Handbook of Medicinal Plants, Haworth Press Inc., 2005

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Maximum of 15 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

From the 2nd week onwards, students have to pass a short test each week (recognising and characterising medicinal plants).
The tests can be: online (Moodle), oral or written.
The successful completion of the online tests is a prerequisite of attending the next practice.

The grades of the weekly tests, together with activity in classes will form the basis of the final practice grade.

Making up for missed classes

Missed practicals can be made up either by joining the other groups or taking extra time at the following lab practical. In all cases, students must make arrangements with their lab instructors in advance.

Exam topics/questions

1. Algae, Fungi, Lichenes
2. Lycopodiaceae, Equisetaceae, Aspidiaceae, Polypodiaceae
3. Ginkgoaceae, Abietaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, Ephedraceae
4. Myristicaceae, Illiciaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Aristolochiaceae
5. Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae (Helleboraceae)
6. Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae
7. Chenopodiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Polygonaceae
8. Hamamelidaceae, Fagaceae, Betulaceae (Corylaceae), Juglandaceae
9. Grossulariaceae, Crassulaceae, Droseraceae, Rosaceae
10. Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Fabaceae
11. Myrtaceae, Punicaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae
12. Rutaceae, Anacardiaceae
13. Hippocastanaceae, Geraniaceae, Linaceae, Erythroxylaceae
14. Polygalaceae, Krameriaceae, Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae, Loranthaceae
15. Araliaceae, Apiaceae
16. Violaceae, Passifloraceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae
17. Brassicaceae, Salicaceae
18. Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae
19. Moraceae, Cannabaceae
20. Urticaceae, Euphorbiaceae
21. Elaeagnaceae, Theaceae, Hypericaceae, Primulaceae
22. Aquifoliaceae, Caprifoliaceae (Sambucaceae), Valerianaceae, Ericaceae
23. Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae
24. Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae, Menyanthaceae, Oleaceae
25. Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae
26. Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae
27. Plantaginaceae, Pedaliaceae, Verbenaceae
28. Lamiaceae
29. Lobeliaceae, Asteraceae (Cichoriaceae)
30. Dioscoreaceae, Convallariaceae, Asparagaceae, Ruscaceae, Agavaceae
31. Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Alliaceae
32. Amaryllidaceae, Melanthiaceae, Colchicaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae
33. Zingiberaceae, Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Dr. Farkas Ágnes
• Dr. Filep Rita
• Dr. Papp Nóra
• Dr. Purger Dragica