Pharmacognosy 2 - Practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

Pharmacognosy covers general aspects of medicinal plants (such as industrial applications, research, cultivation and cultivars, gene technology, critical evaluation of holistic medicine and homeopathy, possibilities of phytotherapy) and discusses the chemical composition and other qualitative characteristics, as well as the most important areas of usage and pharmacology of herbal drugs and drug fractions such as oils and essential oils. Based on their previous pharmacobotanic knowledge students become acquainted with medicinal plants and drugs that are used in pharmacotherapy (especially in phytotherapy) both in Hungary and abroad. Students are required to recognize the most important tea drugs and drugs with strong physiological effect that are traded and/or imported in Hungary. In the frame of practices students obtain experience in drug analysis and identification methods and the ability to solve daily arising problems, with special emphasis on gathering information from literature, databases and the internet.

Course objective and role in the curriculum: students should become familiar with the general, phytochemical and pharmacological features of drugs applied in pharmaco- and phythotherapy.

In the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) we can find descriptions of the chemical reactions for identification of plant secondary metabolites. Practising pharmacists have to know these basic examinations. In the pharmacognosy practices, the students perform these examinations themselves.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Alkaloid-containing drugs I. Solanaceae. Comparison of Belladonnae folium and Stramonii folium on the basis of cleared preparations. Examination of Capsici fructus.
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  2. Alkaloid-containing drugs I. Solanaceae. Comparison of Belladonnae folium and Stramonii folium on the basis of cleared preparations. Examination of Capsici fructus.
• 3. Alkaloid-containing drugs I. Solanaceae. Comparison of Belladonnae folium and Stramonii folium on the basis of cleared preparations. Examination of Capsici fructus.
• 4. Alkaloid-containing drugs II. Microscopic identification of Boldi folium, Chelidonii herba and Papaveris rhoeados flos.
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  5. Alkaloid-containing drugs II. Microscopic identification of Boldi folium, Chelidonii herba and Papaveris rhoeados flos.
• 6. Alkaloid-containing drugs II. Microscopic identification of Boldi folium, Chelidonii herba and Papaveris rhoeados flos.
• 7. Drug identification test 3. (WRITTEN EXAM) Drugs containing flavonoids. Equiseti herba contamination with Equisetum palustre – analysis of the epidermis and other morpho-anatomical features.
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  8. Drug identification test 3. (WRITTEN EXAM) Drugs containing flavonoids. Equiseti herba contamination with Equisetum palustre – analysis of the epidermis and other morpho-anatomical features.
• 9. Drug identification test 3. (WRITTEN EXAM) Drugs containing flavonoids. Equiseti herba contamination with Equisetum palustre – analysis of the epidermis and other morpho-anatomical features.
• 10. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing alkaloids. Extraction and detection of nicotine and caffeine. Soxhlet-extraction (demonstration)
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  11. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing alkaloids. Extraction and detection of nicotine and caffeine. Soxhlet-extraction (demonstration)
• 12. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing alkaloids. Extraction and detection of nicotine and caffeine. Soxhlet-extraction (demonstration)
• 13. Written test. Detection of phenoloids by thin layer chromatography.
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  14. Written test. Detection of phenoloids by thin layer chromatography.
• 15. Written test. Detection of phenoloids by thin layer chromatography.
• 16. Analysis of drugs containing flavonoids. Quantitative determination of total flavonoid content according to Ph. Eur. Students’ short lectures (homework)
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  17. Analysis of drugs containing flavonoids. Quantitative determination of total flavonoid content according to Ph. Eur. Students’ short lectures (homework)
• 18. Analysis of drugs containing flavonoids. Quantitative determination of total flavonoid content according to Ph. Eur. Students’ short lectures (homework)
• 19. Drugs containing anthraquinones, coumarins, and tannins. Characterisation of Lythri herba and Cotini folium.
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  20. Drugs containing anthraquinones, coumarins, and tannins. Characterisation of Lythri herba and Cotini folium.
• 21. Drugs containing anthraquinones, coumarins, and tannins. Characterisation of Lythri herba and Cotini folium.
• 22. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing anthranoids according to Ph. Eur.
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  23. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing anthranoids according to Ph. Eur.
• 24. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing anthranoids according to Ph. Eur.
• 25. Other drugs containing therapeutically important active compounds.
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  26. Other drugs containing therapeutically important active compounds.
• 27. Other drugs containing therapeutically important active compounds.
• 28. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing tannins. Quantitative determination of total tannin content according to Ph. Eur.
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  29. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing tannins. Quantitative determination of total tannin content according to Ph. Eur.
• 30. Written test. Analysis of drugs containing tannins. Quantitative determination of total tannin content according to Ph. Eur.
• 31. Drug identification test 4. (ORAL EXAM!)
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  32. Drug identification test 4. (ORAL EXAM!)
• 33. Drug identification test 4. (ORAL EXAM!)
• 34. Analysis of drugs containing saponins. Problem-based tasks, case studies from the pharmacy (homework).
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  35. Analysis of drugs containing saponins. Problem-based tasks, case studies from the pharmacy (homework).
• 36. Analysis of drugs containing saponins. Problem-based tasks, case studies from the pharmacy (homework).
• 37. Identification of components of unknown tea mixtures. Preparation of herbal teas of FoNo VII.
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  38. Identification of components of unknown tea mixtures. Preparation of herbal teas of FoNo VII.
• 39. Identification of components of unknown tea mixtures. Preparation of herbal teas of FoNo VII.
• 40. Summary of the drug identification.
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  41. Summary of the drug identification.
• 42. Summary of the drug identification.

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Bencsik T, Ács K, Farkas Á, Molnár P, Papp N, Horváth Gy: Pharmacobotanical and phytochemical investigations of herbal drugs, teaching supplement, 2015

Notes

Recommended literature

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Participation is compulsory on the laboratory practices.

Mid-term exams

There is no possibility to take oral exam if somebody receives failed practice result. Oral exam incudes the practice result. Preparation of practice nootebook is compulsory. Every week, students need to write written exams. During semester, they need to prepare one written assay. Practice results includes: written exams, written assay, notebook.

Making up for missed classes

There is possibility to make up for the missed practices but with the course supervisor's permission.

Exam topics/questions

Not relevant.

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Csikós Eszter
• Horváth Györgyi