Biochemistry - Theory

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The subject describes structural characteristics of small molecules participating in the essential metabolic processes. It gives a deeper view into the fundamentals of structure-function relationships of small- and macromolecules, especially focusing on the structure, function and regulation of the molecules that are involved in biochemical processes. The regulation mechanisms of metabolic pathways on the levels of the cell as well as of the organisms are covered.

The course gives an overview on the techniques that are used in the basic biochemical-, biomedical research, both in the industrial area as well as in clinical research. The main focus is on solving of different scientific problems and through that the solution orientated education.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction - Takátsy Anikó
• 2. Proteins and their function - Takátsy Anikó
• 3. Enzymes and their regulation - Takátsy Anikó
• 4. Working with Proteins - Takátsy Anikó
• 5. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology - Takátsy Anikó
• 6. Working with Carbohydrates - Takátsy Anikó
• 7. Nucleic acids - Takátsy Anikó
• 8. Lipids - Takátsy Anikó
• 9. Lipid protein interactions - Balogi Zsolt
• 10. Lipid based drug delivery systems - Balogi Zsolt
• 11. Biochemistry in Basic research - Marquettené Bock Ildikó
• 12. How to plan an experimental workflow - Marquettené Bock Ildikó
• 13. Biochemistry in Clinics I. - Marquettené Bock Ildikó
• 14. Biochemistry in Clinics II. - Marquettené Bock Ildikó
• 15. How to interpret results and draw conclusions - Marquettené Bock Ildikó
• 16. How to interpret results and draw conclusions - Marquette Jon Eugene
• 17. Antibody-Based tools in Biomedical Research I. - Juhász Kata
• 18. Antibody-Based tools in Biomedical Research II. - Juhász Kata
• 19. DNA-Based Information Technologies I. - Tapodi Antal
• 20. DNA-Based Information Technologies II. - Tapodi Antal
• 21. Biochemistry in Industry - Tapodi Antal
• 22. Metabolic processes - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 23. Regulation of metabolic processes I. - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 24. Regulation of metabolic processes II. - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 25. Mitochondrial processes and their consequences - Erős Krisztián
• 26. Mitochondrial processes and their consequences - Erős Krisztián
• 27. Data handeling, Bioinformatics - Erős Krisztián
• 28. Consultation - Takátsy Anikó

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Albert L. Lehninger - David L. Nelson - Michael M.Cox: Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publichers, Inc.

Literature developed by the Department

Teams: OBA-108-E-2023241-MEA-A108-E

http://aok.pte.hu/hu/egyseg/oktatasianyagok/20

Notes

Teams: OBA-108-E-2023241-MEA-A108-E

http://aok.pte.hu/hu/egyseg/oktatasianyagok/20

Recommended literature

Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr., Lubert Stryer: Biochemistry

Thomas M. Devlin: Textbook of Biochemistry. With Clinical Correlations, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Prerequisite of the exam is to pass Principles of Biochemistry And Biochemistry Practice subjects

Mid-term exams

Arranged with teachers.

Making up for missed classes

There is no possibility to retake the classes; the students can prepare themselves from the written material, if they miss a class.

Exam topics/questions

1) Describe the reactions of glycolysis (the key steps with structures). Discuss the factors influencing the rate of individual reactions (regulation) and the energy balance.

2) Describe with structures the reactions that are responsible for the entry of galactose and fructose into glycolysis. Discuss the organ specificity of the individual reactions (if they have any).

3) Describe the possible metabolic fates of pyruvate in humans and in plants as well. Name the possible metabolic pathways and give the first reaction of each pathway with structures.

4) Describe the possible metabolic fates of glucose-6-phosphate. Name the possible metabolic pathways and give the first reaction of each pathway with structures.

5) Describe the reactions of pentose phosphate pathway. Discuss the increase or decrease of the activities of each enzyme depending of the needs of the cell.

6) Describe the enzymatic reactions that take part in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis. Discuss the coordinated regulation and cellular localization of these reactions and their effects on energy balance of gluconeogenesis.

7) Describe the enzymatic reactions necessary for synthesis of glycogen from glucose. Discuss regulation of these reactions, energy balance of the pathway and role of glycogenin.

8) Describe the enzymatic reactions necessary for degradation of glycogen to glucose. Discuss regulation of these reactions and energy balance of the pathway.

9)Describe the enzymatic reactions responsible for degradation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA. Discuss intracellular localisation of these reactions, the factors influencing the rate of the pathway and its energy balance.

10) Describe the enzymatic reactions responsible for synthesis of saturated fatty acids from acetyl CoA. Discuss the intracellular localisation of these reactions, the factors influencing the rate of the pathway and its energy balance.

11) Describe the enzymatic reactions responsible for synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl CoA. Discuss the intracellular localisation of these reactions, the factors influencing the rate of the pathway and its energy balance.

12) Describe the enzymatic reactions responsible for the synthesis of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA. Discuss the intracellular localisation of these reactions, the factors influencing the rate of the pathway and its energy balance.

13)Describe the reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (without structures), and focus on the oxidative steps (with structures). Describe the so called anaplerotic reactions with structures. Name metabolic pathways that are connected to the TCA cycle through these reactions.

14) Describe respiratory chain (members, functions, reaction equations). Describe the metabolic pathways capable of feeding the respiratory chain with electrons.

15) Describe the process of ATP synthesis. Describe the concept of "uncoupled mitochiondrion". Name natural and artificial uncoupling agents and describe their effects.

16) Describe the transport processes through the mitochondrial membrane that are necessary for transformation of nutrients into energy and for ATP synthesis.

17) Describe the reactions of urea cycle (without structures) and discuss the entry of amino groups into the cycle (with structures).

18) Describe possible fates of carbon skeletons formed during the degradation of amino acids. Define the terms: "ketogenic" and "glucogenic" amino acids. Define the terms: "essential", "nonessential" and "conditionally essential"amino acids as well.

19) Describe briefly the "de novo" and the "salvage" pathways of biosyntheses of nucleotides.

20) Describe the reactions of degradation of purine bases up to the excretable molecule.

21) List the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, describe them and their connections with biochemical processes.

+Problems to solve

Examiners

• Takátsy Anikó

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Takátsy Anikó