Principles of Biochemistry

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The subject covers basic biochemical pathways, principles of chemical/biochemical processes occurring in living organisms. It deals with fundamental metabolic processes and with function, structure and regulation of enzymes, transporters and other proteins which participate in the above mentioned processes. Regulation mechanisms of metabolic pathways on levels of cell as well as that of organism are covered. Special biochemical characteristics of different organs are also discussed.

I. Carbohydrate metabolism (Glycolysis, Pathways connected to glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose phosphate pathway, Glycogen metabolism)

II. Lipid metabolism (Fatty acid degradation and synthesis, Synthesis of Cholesterol and, Ketone bodies)

III. Energy metabolism (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Citric acid cycle, Respiratory chain and ATP synthesis)

IV. Reactive Oxygen Species

V. Amino acid metabolism, Urea cycle

VI. Nucleotide metabolism

Lectures

• 1. Peptides, polipeptides - Berente Zoltán
• 2. Proteins and folding - Berente Zoltán
• 3. Carbohydrates - Takátsy Anikó
• 4. Glycolysis - Kőszegi Balázs
• 5. Regulation of glycolysis - Takátsy Anikó
• 6. Pathway connected to glycolysis - Takátsy Anikó
• 7. Gluconeogenesis - Antus Csenge Petra
• 8. Pentose phosphate pathway - Antus Csenge Petra
• 9. Glycogen synthesis - Bagóné Vántus Viola
• 10. Regulation of glycogen synthesis - Bagóné Vántus Viola
• 11. Lipids and memranes - Takátsy Anikó
• 12. Beta oxidation of FFA - Kovács Krisztina (Biokémia)
• 13. Reactions of TCA cycle. - Jávor-Hocsák Enikő
• 14. Regulation of TCA cycle. - Takátsy Anikó
• 15. Cholesterine and ketone body synthesis - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 16. Lipid synthesis - Bognár Zita
• 17. Membrane transport - Takátsy Anikó
• 18. Respiratory chain - Takátsy Anikó
• 19. ATP synthesis - Takátsy Anikó
• 20. Mitochondrial transports - Takátsy Anikó
• 21. Vitamins I - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 22. Vitamins II - Nagyné Kiss Gyöngyi
• 23. Nucleotide metabolism - Tapodi Antal
• 24. Reactive oxygen species - Andreidesz Kitti
• 25. Amino acid metabolism - Bognár Zita
• 26. Urea cycle - Bognár Zita
• 27. Consultation - Takátsy Anikó
• 28. Exam - Takátsy Anikó

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Albert L. Lehninger - David L. Nelson - Michael M.Cox: Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publichers, Inc.

Literature developed by the Department

Teams: OBR-201-T-2023241-MEA-R201-E

Published on Homepage or sent by e-mail

Notes

Recommended literature

Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr., Lubert Stryer: Biochemistry

Thomas M. Devlin: Textbook of Biochemistry. With Clinical Correlations, John Wiley & Sons, New York

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

All metabolic pathways should be covered by a passed test. It can be written either at the beginnig of the semester, in 4 parts or in the last week of the semester, or in the first two weeks of the exam periode

Mid-term exams

Several students arrive with completed Biochemistry courses, so an exam is point to be written on the second week of semester, where everyone can prove the biochemical knowledge. If this written exam is finished with a satisfactory result, the students should not (but can) enter the further lectures.

During the semester four more tests are going to be written, from which the students have to collect a given number of points. The course ends with a written exam.

Making up for missed classes

There is no possibility to retake the classes; the students can prepare themselves from the written material, if they miss a class.

Exam topics/questions

1. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by hexokinase.

2. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphohexose isomerase.

3. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1.

4. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase-2.

5. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by aldolase.

6. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by triose phosphate isomerase.

7. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

8. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase.

9. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase.

10. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by enolase.

11. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase.

12. Write with structures the overall equation of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, in e. g. a muscle cell.

13. Write with structures the overall equation of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions.

14. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase.

15. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase.

16. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase.

17. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by fructokinase.

18. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by fructose 1-phosphate aldolase.

19. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by triose kinase (a.k.a. glyceraldehyde kinase or triokinase).

20. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by galactokinase.

21. Write with abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose:galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase.

22. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucose 4-epimerase.

23. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase.

24. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase.

25. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

26. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxykinase.

27. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase.

28. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

29. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by lactonase.

30. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.

31. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphopentose isomerase (a.k.a. rib(ul)ose 5-phosphate isomerase).

32. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase.

33. Write with structures a reaction catalyzed by transketolase.

34. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by transaldolase.

35. Write with structures the overall equation of gluconeogenesis starting from pyruvate.

36. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase with galactose.

37. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase.

38. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by glycogen synthase.

39. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase (a.k.a fatty acid thiokinase).

40. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by carnitine acyl transferase.

41. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

42. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase (a.k.a. 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydrolyase).

43. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

44. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA acetyltransferase (a.k.a acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, beta-ketothiolase or thiolase).

45. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by propionyl-CoA carboxylase.

46. Write with structures the overall equation of bta-oxidation of palmitic acid.

47. Write with structures the overall equation of beta-oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA.

48. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

49. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase.

50. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by aconitase.

51. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase.

52. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

53. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by succinyl CoA synthetase (a.k.a. succinate thiokinase).

54. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase.

55. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by fumarase.

56. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase.

57. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by PEP carboxylase.

58. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by the malic enzyme.

59. Write with names or abbreviations the overall equation of glycogen synthesis from glucose.

60. Write with structures the overall equation of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA only.

61. Write with structures the overall equation of the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.

62. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

63. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ketoacyl synthase (a.k.a. 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase or KS).

64. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ketoacyl reductase (a.k.a. 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase or KR).

65. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by hydroxyacyl dehydratase (a.k.a. 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase or HD).

66. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by enoyl(-ACP) reductase (ER).

67. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ATP citrate lyase (a.k.a. citrate lyase).

68. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glycerol kinase.

69. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA synthase.

70. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA reductase.

71. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by HMG-CoA lyase.

72. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.

73. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase.

74. Write with names or abbreviations the second reaction catalyzed by prenyl transferase

75. .Write with names Write with names the reaction catalyzed by Complex I including the proton transport.

76. Write with names the reaction catalyzed by Complex II.

77. Write with names the reaction catalyzed by Complex III including the proton transport and the oxidation states.

78. Write with names the reaction catalyzed by Complex IV including the proton transport and the oxidation states.

79. Write with names the overall reaction of the respiratory chain up to the reduction of O2.

80. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by the cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

81. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by the mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

82. Write the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase.

83. Write the reaction catalyzed by catalase.

84. Write the reaction catalyzed by a peroxidase.

85. Write the Fenton reaction.

86. Write the Haber-Weiss reaction.

87. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by NO synthase.

88. Write the reaction equation of the formation of peroxynitrite.

89. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase.

90. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by glutathione reductase.

91. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate lyase.

92. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase.

93. Write with names or abbreviations a reaction catalyzed by squalene synthase.

94. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase.

95. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase.

96. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by glutaminase.

97. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (ALAT=ALT=GPT).

98. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I.

99. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamoylase.

100. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase.

101. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinase (a.k.a. argininosuccinate lyase).

102. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by arginase.

103. Write with structures the overall equation of urea cycle involving the appropriate amino acid.

104. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by adenylate kinase.

105. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by nucleoside monophosphate kinase.

106. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase.

107. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by PRPP-syntethase.

108. Write with names or abbreviations the reaction catalyzed by adenosine phosphoribosyltransferase.

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Takátsy Anikó