Microbiology 1

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2025-2026

Topic

Brief description of the subject: This course introduces the field of medical and clinical microbiology, its history, and its role in practical medicine. Within the framework of general microbiology, we cover the morphology, physiological properties, and genetics of bacteria, as well as sterilization and disinfection methods, antimicrobial agents, theoretical and practical aspects of antibiotic treatment, healthcare-associated infections and infection control. We also teach host-pathogen interactions involved in pathological processes and the virulence factors contributing to these interactions. The curriculum includes both general and detailed virology, providing an overview of human pathogenic viruses. Within the scope of infectious immunology, we discuss the mechanisms of defense against different pathogen groups, possibilities for immunoprophylaxis/vaccination, and the hypersensitivity, tolerance, autoimmunity and post-infectious syndromes.

 

The role of the course in medical education: The objective of this course is to provide medical students with the essential foundational knowledge and comprehensive perspective necessary to build upon detailed microbiology studies and to develop the microbiological competence required for later clinical subjects.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction I.: The subject and history of microbiology, taxonomy - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 2. Introduction II.: Earth and the human microbiome. Importance of microorganism in the Earth's biosphere - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 3. Morphology of bacteria. Essential bacterial cell components, - Emődy Levente
• 4. Accessorial bacterial cell components - Emődy Levente
• 5. The physiology of bacteria. Nutrition types and growth of bacteria - Kocsis Béla
• 6. Microbial genetics - Pál Tibor
• 7. Infection cycle, colonisation, infection, modes of transmission, host, source, vector - Emődy Levente
• 8. Pathogenicity and virulence, virulence factors, conventional and molecular Koch postulates - Emődy Levente
• 9. Endotoxins and exotoxins - Emődy Levente
• 10.

  Sterilization

  - Szereday László
• 11.

  Disinfection

  - Szereday László
• 12. Antibiotics - general introduction (action, groups of action, resistance mechanisms - Pál Tibor
• 13. Principles of antibiotic treatment, empirical, targeted, and prophylactic therapy, interactions, PK/PD - Pál Tibor
• 14. Inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis I. - Pál Tibor
• 15. Inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis II - Pál Tibor
• 16. Inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis III. - Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• 17. Inhibitors of protein synthesis I: aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines - Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• 18. Inhibitors of protein synthesis II.; macrolides, lincomycin, clindamycin; Membrane active agents; Metronidazole - Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• 19. Chemotherapy: sulfonamides, antimycobacterial drugs, quinolones, and nitrofurans - Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• 20. Characteristics of viruses (basic concepts, chemical composition, structure, classification); viral replication - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 21. Pathogenesis of viral infections (transmission modes and types of infection, acute and chronic viral infections) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 22. Adenoviruses (serotypes, diseases); parvoviruses (parvovírus B19, bocavirus, bufavirus, parvovirus 4), anelloviruses - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 23. Herpesviruses I (HHV1, HHV2; HHV6, HHV7, HHV8) - Szereday László
• 24. Herpesviruses II (VZV/HHV3, EBV/HHV4, CMV/HHV5) - Szereday László
• 25. Papillomaviruses (HPV); polyomaviruses (JC, BK, MC, WU, and KI); slow virus infections (SSPE, PML); prion and prion diseases (Kuru, CJD, vCJD, GSS, FFI, MSA) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 26. Hepatitis viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 27. Poxviruses; Picornaviruses (enteroviruses, cardiovirus, cosavirus, kobuvirus, parechovirus, salivirus) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 28. Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza A, B, C, and D viruses) - Szereday László
• 29. Paramyxoviruses: parainfluenza, mumps, morbilli, Pneumoviruses: human orthopneumovirus (respiratory syncytial virus /RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), Nipah and Hendra viruses - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 30. Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and diseases); rubella virus (congenital rubella syndrome) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 31. Viral gastroenteritis: gastroenteritis-causing viruses: rotaviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses enteric adenoviruses - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 32. Arenaviruses (LCM, Lassa, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, Lujo); Hantaviruses; Nairoviruses (CCHF); Phenuiviruses (Rift Valley, Sandfly fever, SFTS); Rhabdoviruses (rabies) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 33. Filoviruses (Marburgvirus, Ebolavirus); Flaviviruses (tick-borne encephalitis, West-Nile virus, yellow fever, Dengue, and Zika virus); Togaviruses (chikungunya) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 34. HIV/AIDS and other human retroviruses (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 35. Antiviral therapy - Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• 36. General immunological overview, mucosal immunity - Polgár Beáta
• 37. Defence against viruses and bacteria - Polgár Beáta
• 38. Defence against fungi and parasites - Polgár Beáta
• 39. Immunoprophylaxis, active and passive immunization, vaccines I - Szereday László
• 40. Immunoprophylaxis, active and passive immunization, vaccines II - Szereday László
• 41. Hypersensitivity tolerance - Polgár Beáta
• 42. Autoimmunity, post-infectious diseases - Polgár Beáta

Practices

• 1.

  Introduction and Laboratory Safety Regulations – Microscopy: Native and Stained Preparations

• 2.

  Introduction and Laboratory Safety Regulations – Microscopy: Native and Stained Preparations

• 3.

  Introduction and Laboratory Safety Regulations – Microscopy: Native and Stained Preparations

• 4.

  Introduction and Laboratory Safety Regulations – Microscopy: Native and Stained Preparations

• 5.

  Bacterial Cultivation – Culture Media and Methods

• 6.

  Bacterial Cultivation – Culture Media and Methods

• 7.

  Bacterial Cultivation – Culture Media and Methods

• 8.

  Bacterial Cultivation – Culture Media and Methods

• 9.

  Methods for Bacterial Identification

• 10.

  Methods for Bacterial Identification

• 11.

  Methods for Bacterial Identification

• 12.

  Methods for Bacterial Identification

• 13.

  Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

• 14.

  Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

• 15.

  Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

• 16.

  Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

• 17.

  Immunological and Molecular Biology Methods

• 18.

  Immunological and Molecular Biology Methods

• 19.

  Immunological and Molecular Biology Methods

• 20.

  Immunological and Molecular Biology Methods

• 21.

  Healthcare-Associated Infections and Infection Control

• 22.

  Healthcare-Associated Infections and Infection Control

• 23.

  Healthcare-Associated Infections and Infection Control

• 24.

  Healthcare-Associated Infections and Infection Control

• 25.

  Lab Diagnosis of Viral Infections

• 26.

  Lab Diagnosis of Viral Infections

• 27.

  Lab Diagnosis of Viral Infections

• 28.

  Lab Diagnosis of Viral Infections

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Medical Microbiology 10th Edition by Patrick R. Murray (ISBN-10 0443261334)

Literature developed by the Department

The lecture materials will be uploaded to Potepedia and the official Teams group for the lectures.

Notes

Supplementary materials supporting the practical sessions are available on the institute's website.

Recommended literature

Sketchy Medical videos (https://www.sketchy.com/)

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

A minimum of 85% attendance is required to accept the semester. A maximum of two 90-minute practicals can be missed.

Mid-term exams

The department reserves the right to conduct voluntary mid-semester written assessments to support and motivate students in effectively preparing for the end-of-semester exam. The results of these assessments may positively influence the final exam grade. The details of the mid-semester assessments will be announced during the first week of the academic term.

Making up for missed classes

For practicals, any absence exceeding 15% must be made up by the student. Make-up sessions can only be completed within the two-week practical period covering the corresponding topic.

Exam topics/questions

At the end of the semester, students are required to take a written exam. The department provides a total of five exam dates, including the regular and retake exams. The exam content is primarily based on the material covered in lectures.

The written exam consists of single-choice questions, each offering five options covering distinct subject areas (blocks). To pass the exam, students must achieve a minimum score of 60% in each topic area (block).

Examiners

• Emődy Levente
• Kerényi Monika
• Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• Pál Tibor
• Reuter Gábor Kamilló
• Szereday László

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Balázs Benigna
• Hargitai Renáta Nóra
• Kerényi Monika
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Melegh Szilvia Zsóka
• Mestyán Gyula
• Pál Ágnes Mária (Sonnevend)
• Pál Tibor
• Polgár Beáta
• Schneider György József
• Szereday László
• Tigyi Zoltán