Data
Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025
Course director
-
Pap Marianna
associate professor,
Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre -
Number of hours/semester
lectures: 28 hours
practices: 12 hours
seminars: 16 hours
total of: 56 hours
Subject data
- Code of subject: OAA-MB2-T
- 4 kredit
- General Medicine
- Basic modul
- spring
OAA-MB1-T finished
Course headcount limitations
min. 5 – max. 200
Topic
Molecular cell biology aims to introduce the molecular mechanisms of molecular biology and cell biology and to emphasise their importance in medicine. It provides the basis for teaching the different areas of molecular medicine, molecular pathology, molecular diagnostics, pharmacology and gene therapy. In the second semester of the course, we will discuss signalling pathways, apoptosis signalling, types of stem cells and their medical importance. In addition to the general characteristics of tumors, we will describe the characteristics of DNA and RNA tumor viruses involved in tumorigenesis, as well as the mechanisms of activation of cellular oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In addition to the multistep mechanisms of tumor development, we will discuss the latest treatment options. At the end of the semester, we will summarize molecular diagnostic techniques, types of gene therapy and their importance in medical practice.
Lectures
- 1. General information. Cell-cell junctions - Rimayné Ábrahám Hajnalka Gabriella
- 2. Passive and active transport processes - Kemény Ágnes
- 3. Extracellular matrix. Cell-extracellular matrix connections - Kemény Ágnes
- 4. Signal transduction I. Signaling molecules and their receptors - Szeberényi József
- 5. Signal transduction II. Role of G-proteins in signaling - Szeberényi József
- 6. Signal transduction III. Growth factor signaling - Szeberényi József
- 7. Signal transduction IV. Stress signaling - Szeberényi József
- 8. Signal transduction V. Cytokine- and integrin signaling - Szeberényi József
- 9. Signal transduction VI. TGFb-, Wnt-, Heghehog-, Notch signaling - Szeberényi József
- 10. Signal transduction VII. General conclusions, clinical aspects - Szeberényi József
- 11. Types of cell death - Sétáló György ifj.
- 12. Apoptosis pathways, physiological and pathological importance - Bátor Judit
- 13. Types of stem cells and their medical importance - Rimayné Ábrahám Hajnalka Gabriella
- 14. General features of tumor cells and tumors - Sétáló György ifj.
- 15. DNA tumor viruses - Sétáló György ifj.
- 16. RNA tumor viruses - Sétáló György ifj.
- 17. Cellular oncogenes I. - Kemény Ágnes
- 18. Cellular oncogenes II. - Kemény Ágnes
- 19. Cellular oncogenes III. - Kemény Ágnes
- 20. Tumor szuppressor genes I. - Pap Marianna
- 21. Tumor szuppressor genes II. - Pap Marianna
- 22. Role of oncogenes in tumor formation - Pap Marianna
- 23. Multistep carcinogenesis I.: Experimental carcinogenesis - Pap Marianna
- 24. Multistep carcinogenesis II.: Clinical stages of cancers - Pap Marianna
- 25. Therapy of cancers - Pap Marianna
- 26. Molecular diagnosis - Berta Gergely
- 27. Gene therapy I. - Bátor Judit
- 28. Gene therapy II. Exam rules - Rimayné Ábrahám Hajnalka Gabriella
Practices
- 1. Isolation and restriction en+G2:G55donulease cleavage of human DNA
- 2. Isolation and restriction endonulease cleavage of human DNA
- 3. Polymerase chain reaction
- 4. Polymerase chain reaction
- 5. Immunocytochemistry
- 6. Immunocytochemistry
- 7. Signaling: Functional imaging of cells and tissues
- 8. Signaling: Functional imaging of cells and tissues
- 9. Apoptosis
- 10. Apoptosis
- 11. Tumor biology
- 12. Tumor biology
Seminars
- 1. Cytoskeleton
- 2. Cell membrane, cell-cell junctions
- 3. Passive and active transport processes
- 4. Extracellular matrix, cell-extracellular matrix connections
- 5. Types of chemical signaling. Receptors.
- 6. Signal transduction mechanism: The cAMP pathway
- 7. Signal transduction mechanisms: the phospholipase C pathway. Growth factor and cytokine signaling
- 8. Apoptosis. Stem cells
- 9.
General features of tumors
- 10. DNA and RNA tumor viruses
- 11. Cellular oncogenes
- 12. Tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes and the cell cycle
- 13. Multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis
- 14. Therapy of tumors. Molecular medicine
- 15. Semester test
- 16. Semester test
Reading material
Obligatory literature
Cooper, G.M.: The Cell. A Molecular Approach.
Literature developed by the Department
Materials uploaded to Potepedia
Test bank question
Minimum requirement test questions
Notes
M. Pap (editor): Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory Manual
Szeberényi, J., Komáromy, L.: Molecular Cell Biology Syllabus
Recommended literature
Conditions for acceptance of the semester
None
Mid-term exams
Mid-term tests in weeks 4, 7 and 10, from lecture and seminar topics. Test topics will be announced in lectures and in the Molecular Cell Biology 2 Lecture Teams group. The final test is in week 14, from the whole semester topics (lectures, seminars and lab materials are included). No improvement is possible on any of the written tests.
Making up for missed classes
It is possible to make up the lab if a medical certificate is submitted, either in another group or in a make-up lab organized by the Medical Biology Department.
Midterm tests can be made up by oral exam if a medical certificate is submitted.
There is no possibility to make up the final semester test.
Exam topics/questions
Theoretical exam questions
1. Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
2. Nucleosides, nucleotides
3. Structure and properties of DNA
4. Experiments demonstrating the role of DNA as genetic material
5. Structure and types of RNA
6. Structure and properties of proteins
7. Types of carbohydrates and their biological significance
8. Types of lipids and their biological significance
9. Characteristics of restriction endonucleases and their applications
10. Steps of DNA fragment cloning
11. Genomic library construction and screening
12. Steps and types of the polymerase chain reaction and their applications
13. Steps and types of Sanger DNA sequencing
14. Steps of Illumina DNA sequencing
15. Steps of proton sequencing and nanopore sequencing
16. Types of DNA chips and their applications
17. Types of fluorescence in situ hybridization and their applications
18. Biological significance of the Human Genome Project
19. Steps of cDNA cloning
20. cDNA library construction and screening
21. Generation of transgenic organisms and their practical significance
22. Inhibition of endogenous gene expression at the DNA level
23. Inhibition of endogenous gene expression at the mRNA level
24. Inhibition of endogenous gene expression at the protein level
25. Methods of specific antigens’ microscopic detection
26. Steps of immunoprecipitation and Western blotting
27. Structure of the nucleus
28. Types of repetitive and unique sequences and their medical significance
29. Levels of chromatin organization
30. Chemical composition of chromatin
31. Phases of the cell cycle
32. Regulation of the cell cycle
33. Mitosis
34. Meiosis
35. General features of replication
36. Mechanism of prokaryotic replication
37. Specific features of eukaryotic replication
38. DNA repair - Types of excision repair and their medical significance
39. DNA repair - Proofreading, Mismatch repair and their medical significance
40. DNA repair - Types of DNA double-strand breaks’ repair and their medical significance
41. Mechanism of prokaryotic transcription and RNA processing
42. General features of eukaryotic transcription
43. Eukaryotic pre-rRNA synthesis and processing
44. Eukaryotic pre-mRNA synthesis and processing. Cap formation and polyadenylation
45. Pre-mRNA splicing, RNA editing and their medical significance
46. Steps of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis
47. Structure and function of ribosomes
48. Main features of the genetic code
49. Initiation of translation
50. Elongation and termination of translation
51. General features of translation, and the medical significance of its inhibition
52. The lactose operon
53. The tryptophan operon
54. Cloning by cell nuclear transplantation and its medical significance
55. Regulation of pre-mRNA synthesis and processing in eukaryotes
56. Regulation of mRNA transport, translation, and degradation in eukaryotes
57. Regulation of protein activity and degradation in eukaryotes
58. Types of eukaryotic transcription factors
59. Mechanism of action of steroid hormones and its medical significance
60. Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
61. Function of the Golgi apparatus. Types of protein glycosylation and their medical significance
62. Mechanism and types of secretion
63. Types of endocytosis and their medical significance
64. Mechanism of vesicular transport
65. Types of lysosomes and their medical significance
66. Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
67. Generation of oxygen free radicals and their biological effects
68. Structure and function of mitochondria
69. Genetic apparatus of mitochondria
70. Types of mitochondrial diseases
71. Structure of microfilaments, importance of their binding proteins
72. Structure of intermediate filaments and their medical significance
73. Structure of microtubules, importance of their binding proteins
74. Structure of the cell membrane
75. Types of cell-cell junctions
76. Types of passive transport processes and their medical significance
77. Types of active transport processes and their medical significance
78. Composition and structure of the extracellular matrix
79. Types of cell-extracellular matrix connections
80. Types of chemical signaling
81. cAMP-mediated signal transduction and its medical significance
82. Inositol phospholipid signaling
83. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling and its medical significance
84. Growth factor signaling and its medical significance
85. Cytokine signaling and its medical significance
86. Stress signaling and its medical significance
87. Integrin signaling and its medical significance
88. TGF-ß-, Wnt-, Notch-, Hedgehog-signaling and their medical significance
89. The role of protein kinases in cell regulation
90. General features of signaling pathways (Signal amplification. Signal termination. Signaling networks)
91. Types of stem cells and their medical significance
92. The physiological and pathological role of apoptosis
93. The mechanism of apoptosis
94. General features of tumor cells and tumors
95. Infection cycle and types of oncogenic DNA viruses and their medical significance
96. Infection cycle and types of retroviruses and their medical significance
97. The mechanism of retroviral oncogenes’ formation
98. Identification of cellular oncogenes by gene transfer
99. The mechanism of insertional mutagenesis
100. Mechanisms of cellular oncogene activation
101. General features of tumor suppressor genes
102. Rb and p53 proteins
103. The role of tumor suppressor genes in Wilms-tumor, neurofibromatosis, colon, and breast cancer
104. The role of oncogenes in cell cycle regulation
105. Phases of experimental carcinogenesis
106. Clinical stages of tumor development
107. Steps of metastasis formation
108. Mechanism of multistep carcinogenesis (e.g., that of colon carcinoma)
109. Types of tumor therapy
110. Cytogenetics, structural genomics, and the structural examination of individual gene copies
111. Functional genomics and the functional examination of individual gene copies
112. Types of oligonucleotide gene therapy and their medical applications
113. Types of real gene therapy, the types of vectors used and their medical applications
Lab exam questions
Theoretical questions
Theoretical questions
1. Structure and operation of the light microscope
2. Sample preparation for light microscopy
3. Radioactive isotopes in molecular cell biology
4. Homogenisation, cell fractionation
5. Hypopyknic and isopyknic gradient centrifugation
6. Gel filtration
7. Ion exchange and affinity chromatography
8. Plasmids, plasmid isolation
9. Protein electrophoresis
10. Nucleic acid electrophoresis
11. Isolation of mammalian DNA
12. Isolation of mammalian RNA
13. Structure and operation of the polarisation microscope
14. Structure and operation of the phase-contrast microscope
15. Histochemistry of nucleic acids
16. Histochemistry of the cytoplasm
17. Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry
18. Plasmolysis and haemolysis
19. Analysis of apoptotic processes
20. Structure and operation of the electron microscope
21. Sample preparation and contrasting methods for electron microscopy
22. Structure and operation of the confocal microscope
Practical questions
23. Observation of prokaryotic cells by immersion objective, Gram staining
24. Determination of cell diameter by light microscope
25. Analysis of human peripheral blood smear, May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining
26. Analysis of light microscopic autoradiographic preparation
27. Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine labeling
28. Preparation of linear density gradient
29. Analysis of the result of gel filtration
30. Analysis of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis
31. Steps of protein elelctrophoresis, detection of proteins in the gel and on the membrane
32. Steps of Western blot, analysis of the result
33. Operation of the photometer - determination of DNA and RNA concentration
34. Analysis of the result of restriction mapping
35. Structure and operation of the polarisation microscope
36. Structure and operation of the phase-contrast microscope
37. Analysis of nucleic acid histochemistry preparations
38. Analysis of cytoplasm histochemistry preparations
39. Analysis of immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical preparations
40. Identification of normal and Burkitt’s lymphoma lymph node
41. Identification of normal and cancer cells on Papanicolau smears
42. Identification of normal and apoptotic cells
43. Identification of nuclear components on microscopic pictures
44. Identification of cytoplasmic organelles on microscopic pictures
Examiners
- Atlaszné Váczy Alexandra
- Balassa Tímea
- Balogh Bálint
- Bátor Judit
- Berta Gergely
- Bogdán Ágnes
- Csabai-Tanics Tímea Judith
- Kemény Ágnes
- Németh Marica
- Pap Marianna
- Sétáló György ifj.
- Tarjányi Oktávia
- Varga Judit
Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars
- Atlaszné Váczy Alexandra
- Balassa Tímea
- Balogh Bálint
- Bátor Judit
- Berta Gergely
- Bogdán Ágnes
- Bugyi Beáta
- Csabai-Tanics Tímea Judith
- Feketéné Kiss Katalin
- Kemény Ágnes
- KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
- Németh Marica
- Pap Marianna
- Sétáló György ifj.
- Tarjányi Oktávia
- Varga Judit