Gnathology lecture

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2023-2024

Topic

The aim of the lectures is to acquire the knowledge of the anatomy and function of chewing apparatus. Students learn the types and use of articulators.
The aim of the practices is to learn the occlusal anatomy of the teeth, and to wax up the occlusal surfaces of premolar and molar teeth according to the technology of HC Lundeen in order the better understanding the occlusion and articulation movements. Students learn the types and use of articulators and face-bow.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction to Gnatology and its significance in dentistry. Functional units involved in mastication. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 2. Morphology of osseous structures involved in mastication and the temporo-mandibular joint. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 3. Masticatory muscles, their function and innervation - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 4. Basics of occlusal anatomy of the teeth and dental arches - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 5. Occlusal contacts in central occlusion. Orientation in the oral cavity - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 6. WRITTEN TEST - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 7. Specific positions of the mandible - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 8. Mandibular movements, tooth guidance. Dynamics of occlusal relationships, border-movements, mandibular movement envelope - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 9. The process of chewing. Occlusal relations in natural dentition - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 10. Articulators (arcon, non-arcon types) - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 11. Mounting the casts in the articulator, articulator-programming, face-bow and its use - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 12. WRITTEN TEST - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 13. Modification of occlusion in adults. Christensen phenomenon - Dr. Markovics Dóra
• 14. Theories of occlusion in artificial dentition - Dr. Markovics Dóra

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Dr. Radnai Márta: Odontology and Gnathology, Medicina, 2017.

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture

Notes

Recommended literature

J P Okeson: Management of TMJ Disorders and Occlusion

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Requirements for students - Active participation on lectures and practices, based on the Study and Exam Regulations of the University, - Attendance of lectures and practices is mandatory. - Completion of the tasks in the laboratory - The student receives marks for the practical tasks in the training laboratory. The average must be at least 2.0. If the student gets 3 or more failed marks during the semester for his/her practical work, then the semester can not be evaluated and accepted. The practical tasks, which are not finished, also considered as failed mark. - Average of the marks of written or oral tests relating the theoretical knowledge which is necessary to carry out the practical work. - Form of tests: oral test, written test, etc. If the test considered as failed, the student gets one opportunity to rewrite the test. If the student gets further failed mark, the semester/practice is not accepted, it can not be evaluated. - If either of the above averages (for the practical work or the relating theory) does not reach 2.0 the end semester practical mark can not be evaluated and accepted, the student has to repeat the course.

Mid-term exams

midterm tests

Making up for missed classes

No possibility

Exam topics/questions

1. Definition of Gnathology and components of the chewing apparatus
2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint
3. Ligaments of the temporomandibular joint, their role, and significance in the function of the joint
4. Classification of the chewing muscles
5. Anatomy of elevator muscles of the mandible
6. Anatomy of proctractor muscles of the mandible
7. Perioral mimic muscles, muscles of the tongue and their functions
8. Morphological characteristics of the incisors and canines from gnathological aspects
9. Characteristics of the occlusal anatomy of molars and premolars
10. Prominent positions of the mandible
11. Definition of occlusal vertical dimension and postural jaw position and their clinical significance
12. Definition of central occlusion and central relation and their significance
13. Definition of eugnath occlusion and deep-bite
14. Definition of curve of Spee and Wilson and their significance
15. Definition of occlusal plain and occlusal surface
16. Definition of retruded contact position, incisal edge-to-edge, lateral cusp- bite and maximal jaw open position.
17. Basic movements of the mandible
18. Symmetrical movements of the mandible
19. Asymmetrical movements of the mandible
20. The points of the mandible examined during the evaluation of mandibular movements according to the classical articulation doctrine
21. Movement paths of the mandibular condyle
22. Incisal quidance /in all planes/
23. Border movements of the mandible in the sagittal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/
24. Border movements of the mandible in the horizontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/
25. Border movements of the mandible in the frontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/
26. Difference between the terms of centric occlusion and central occlusal position of the mandible
27. Difference between the terms of centric relation and central relation position of the mandible
28. Occlusal contacts in the intercuspal contact position of the mandible
29. Occlusal concepts used for artificial shaping of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.
30. Occlusal contacts during pro- and retrusive movements of the mandible.
31. Occlusal contacts during lateral movements of the mandible.
32. Definition and components of articulators
33. Classification of appliances used for simulation of positions and movements of the mandible
34. Occludors, simple hinge articulators
35. Characteristics of semi-adjustable and fully adjustable articulators
36. Cast mounting on articulator with the use of Bonwill’s triangle
37. Cast mounting on articulator with face-bow
38. Programming the articulator
39. Definition of Bonwill’s triangle and Balkwill’s angle
40. Components of the occlusal surface
41. Anatomical and physiological occlusal surface of the teeth
42. Definition of supporting and guiding cusps
43. Classification of basic bite-types
44. Definition of Bennett-movement
45. Position of cusp-marginal ridge and cusp-fossa type occlusal contacts
46. Definition of tooth guidance
47. Masticatory movements of the mandible
48. Adaptation of cuspal teeth’s occlusal surfaces to mandibular movement paths
49. Articulation concepts of occlusal surfaces in natural and artificial dentition
50. Occlusal surface shaping of lower premolars with wax-up technique
51. Occlusal surface shaping of upper premolars with wax-up technique
52. Occlusal surface shaping of lower molars with wax-up technique
53. Occlusal surface shaping of upper molars with wax-up technique
54. Graphical recording methods
55. Direction lines and plains on the head, anthropological reference points
56. Lines determined by anthropological reference points and anthropological plains
57. Anatomy of the upper jaw
58. Anatomy of the mandible
59. Basic characteristics of human dentition
60. Changes of occlusion in adults, different types of tooth wear.
61. Sagittal Christensen phenomen
62. Lateral Christensen phenomen
63. Innervation of the function of the chewing apparatus

Examiners

• Dr. Benke Beáta
• Dr. Marada Gyula
• Dr. Markovics Dóra

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars