Gnathology

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The aim of the lectures is to acquire the knowledge of the anatomy and function of chewing apparatus. Students learn the types and use of articulators.

The aim of the practices is to learn the occlusal anatomy of the teeth, and to wax up the occlusal surfaces of premolar and molar teeth according to the technology of HC Lundeen in order the better understanding the occlusion and articulation movements. Students learn the types and use of articulators and face-bow.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction to Gnatology and its significance in dentistry. Functional units involved in mastication. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Marada Gyula
• 2. Morphology of osseous structures involved in mastication and the temporo-mandibular joint. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Markovics Dóra
• 3. Masticatory muscles, their function and innervation - Markovics Dóra
• 4. Basics of occlusal anatomy of the teeth and dental arches - Markovics Dóra
• 5. Occlusal contacts in central occlusion. Orientation in the oral cavity - Markovics Dóra
• 6. WRITTEN TEST - Rajnics Zsolt
• 7. Specific positions of the mandible - Markovics Dóra
• 8. Mandibular movements, tooth guidance. Dynamics of occlusal relationships, border-movements, mandibular movement envelope - Markovics Dóra
• 9. The process of chewing. Occlusal relations in natural dentition - Marada Gyula
• 10. Articulators (arcon, non-arcon types) - Marada Gyula
• 11. Mounting the casts in the articulator, articulator-programming, face-bow and its use - Marada Gyula
• 12. WRITTEN TEST - Marada Gyula
• 13. Modification of occlusion in adults. Christensen phenomenon - Marada Gyula
• 14. Theories of occlusion in artificial dentition - Marada Gyula

Practices

• 1. Introduction. Instruments and materials. Marking reference lines and points on the study cast and on the mounted lower cast. Marking the centric contacts on the upper mounted cast. Cutting off the occlusal surface of the mounted lower cast. Re-tracing the markings on the occlusal surface of the lower cast
• 2. Introduction. Instruments and materials. Marking reference lines and points on the study cast and on the mounted lower cast. Marking the centric contacts on the upper mounted cast. Cutting off the occlusal surface of the mounted lower cast. Re-tracing the markings on the occlusal surface of the lower cast
• 3. Forming mandibular buccal cones. Marking reference lines and points on the mounted upper cast. Cutting off the occlusal surface of the mounted upper cast
• 4. Forming mandibular buccal cones. Marking reference lines and points on the mounted upper cast. Cutting off the occlusal surface of the mounted upper cast
• 5. Re-tracing the occlusal surface of the upper cast. Re-tracing the markings on the occlusal surface of the upper cast. Forming maxillary buccal cones. Forming the buccal ridges of mandibular buccal cusps
• 6. Re-tracing the occlusal surface of the upper cast. Re-tracing the markings on the occlusal surface of the upper cast. Forming maxillary buccal cones. Forming the buccal ridges of mandibular buccal cusps
• 7. Forming the buccal ridges of maxillary buccal cusps. Shaping the triangular ridges of the maxillary buccal cusps
• 8. Forming the buccal ridges of maxillary buccal cusps. Shaping the triangular ridges of the maxillary buccal cusps
• 9. Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the maxillary and mandibular buccal cusps
• 10. Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the maxillary and mandibular buccal cusps
• 11. Forming the maxillary lingual cones and the cusp ridges of the maxillary lingual cusps
• 12. Forming the maxillary lingual cones and the cusp ridges of the maxillary lingual cusps
• 13. Shaping the lingual surfaces and triangular crests of the maxillary lingual cusps
• 14. Shaping the lingual surfaces and triangular crests of the maxillary lingual cusps
• 15. Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the maxillary posterior teeth. Building up the triangular ridges of the mandibular buccal cusps
• 16. Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the maxillary posterior teeth. Building up the triangular ridges of the mandibular buccal cusps
• 17. Building up the mandibular lingual cones. Forming the lingual surfaces and the triangular ridges of the mandibular lingual cusps
• 18. Building up the mandibular lingual cones. Forming the lingual surfaces and the triangular ridges of the mandibular lingual cusps
• 19. Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the mandibular lingual cusps. Face-bow and its use
• 20. Forming the mesial and distal cusp ridges of the mandibular lingual cusps. Face-bow and its use
• 21. Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the mandibular posterior teeth. Face-bow and its use
• 22. Forming the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the mandibular posterior teeth. Face-bow and its use
• 23. Completing the mandibular and maxillary occlusal surfaces. Evaluating the completed cusps and ridges
• 24. Completing the mandibular and maxillary occlusal surfaces. Evaluating the completed cusps and ridges
• 25. Build up an upper central insicor
• 26. Build up an upper central insicor
• 27. Build up the occlusal surface of a molar tooth by oneself
• 28. Build up the occlusal surface of a molar tooth by oneself

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

C. McNeill: Science and Practice of Occlusion

MG: Occlusion in Restorative Dentistry

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture

Notes

Recommended literature

J P Okeson: Management of TMJ Disorders and Occlusion

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

-

Mid-term exams

Two mid-term tests.

Making up for missed classes

No possibility

Exam topics/questions

1. Definition of Gnathology and components of the chewing apparatus

2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint

3. Ligaments of the temporomandibular joint, their role, and significance in the function of the joint

4. Classification of the chewing muscles

5. Anatomy of elevator muscles of the mandible

6. Anatomy of proctractor muscles of the mandible

7. Perioral mimic muscles, muscles of the tongue and their functions

8. Morphological characteristics of the incisors and canines from gnathological aspects

9. Characteristics of the occlusal anatomy of molars and premolars

10. Prominent positions of the mandible

11. Definition of occlusal vertical dimension and postural jaw position and their clinical significance

12. Definition of central occlusion and central relation and their significance

13. Definition of eugnath occlusion and deep-bite

14. Definition of curve of Spee and Wilson and their significance

15. Definition of occlusal plain and occlusal surface

16. Definition of retruded contact position, incisal edge-to-edge, lateral cusp- bite and maximal jaw open position.

17. Basic movements of the mandible

18. Symmetrical movements of the mandible

19. Asymmetrical movements of the mandible

20. The points of the mandible examined during the evaluation of mandibular movements according to the classical articulation doctrine

21. Movement paths of the mandibular condyle

22. Incisal quidance /in all planes/

23. Border movements of the mandible in the sagittal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

24. Border movements of the mandible in the horizontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

25. Border movements of the mandible in the frontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

26. Difference between the terms of centric occlusion and central occlusal position of the mandible

27. Difference between the terms of centric relation and central relation position of the mandible

28. Occlusal contacts in the intercuspal contact position of the mandible

29. Occlusal concepts used for artificial shaping of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

30. Occlusal contacts during pro- and retrusive movements of the mandible.

31. Occlusal contacts during lateral movements of the mandible.

32. Definition and components of articulators

33. Classification of appliances used for simulation of positions and movements of the mandible

34. Occludors, simple hinge articulators

35. Characteristics of semi-adjustable and fully adjustable articulators

36. Cast mounting on articulator with the use of Bonwill’s triangle

37. Cast mounting on articulator with face-bow

38. Programming the articulator

39. Definition of Bonwill’s triangle and Balkwill’s angle

40. Components of the occlusal surface

41. Anatomical and physiological occlusal surface of the teeth

42. Definition of supporting and guiding cusps

43. Classification of basic bite-types

44. Definition of Bennett-movement

45. Position of cusp-marginal ridge and cusp-fossa type occlusal contacts

46. Definition of tooth guidance

47. Masticatory movements of the mandible

48. Adaptation of cuspal teeth’s occlusal surfaces to mandibular movement paths

49. Articulation concepts of occlusal surfaces in natural and artificial dentition

50. Occlusal surface shaping of lower premolars with wax-up technique

51. Occlusal surface shaping of upper premolars with wax-up technique

52. Occlusal surface shaping of lower molars with wax-up technique

53. Occlusal surface shaping of upper molars with wax-up technique

54. Graphical recording methods

55. Direction lines and plains on the head, anthropological reference points

56. Lines determined by anthropological reference points and anthropological plains

57. Anatomy of the upper jaw

58. Anatomy of the mandible

59. Basic characteristics of human dentition

60. Changes of occlusion in adults, different types of tooth wear.

61. Sagittal Christensen phenomen

62. Lateral Christensen phenomen

63. Innervation of the function of the chewing apparatus

Examiners

• Marada Gyula
• Muzsek Zsófia Katalin
• Rajnics Zsolt

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Baumann Petra Henrietta
• Marada Gyula
• Markovics Dóra