Gnathology lecture

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The aim of the lectures is to acquire the knowledge of the anatomy and function of chewing apparatus. Students learn the types and use of articulators.

The aim of the practices is to learn the occlusal anatomy of the teeth, and to wax up the occlusal surfaces of premolar and molar teeth according to the technology of HC Lundeen in order the better understanding the occlusion and articulation movements. Students learn the types and use of articulators and face-bow.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction to Gnatology and its significance in dentistry. Functional units involved in mastication. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Markovics Dóra
• 2. Morphology of osseous structures involved in mastication and the temporo-mandibular joint. Anatomical terminology of the mouth - Markovics Dóra
• 3. Masticatory muscles, their function and innervation - Markovics Dóra
• 4. Basics of occlusal anatomy of the teeth and dental arches - Markovics Dóra
• 5. Occlusal contacts in central occlusion. Orientation in the oral cavity - Markovics Dóra
• 6. WRITTEN TEST - Markovics Dóra
• 7. Specific positions of the mandible - Markovics Dóra
• 8. Mandibular movements, tooth guidance. Dynamics of occlusal relationships, border-movements, mandibular movement envelope - Markovics Dóra
• 9. The process of chewing. Occlusal relations in natural dentition - Markovics Dóra
• 10. Articulators (arcon, non-arcon types) - Markovics Dóra
• 11. Mounting the casts in the articulator, articulator-programming, face-bow and its use - Markovics Dóra
• 12. WRITTEN TEST - Markovics Dóra
• 13. Modification of occlusion in adults. Christensen phenomenon - Markovics Dóra
• 14. Theories of occlusion in artificial dentition - Markovics Dóra

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Dr. Radnai Márta: Odontology and Gnathology, Medicina, 2017.

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture

Notes

Recommended literature

J P Okeson: Management of TMJ Disorders and Occlusion

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

During the lectures and practices active participation is expected as it is written in the Code ofStudies and Examinations (CSE).

The two mid-term written exams will be held during the lecture times.

If a student fails to attend the mid-term exams, the exam will be graded as unsatisfactory (1) .

In case both mid-term exams are graded as unsatisfactory (1), there is an opportunity for asecond attempt. If both mid-term exams are graded as unsatisfactory (1), the student'ssemester will not be accepted, and they will not be able to take the final exam for the subject.

Mid-term exams

The two mid-term written exams will be held during the lecture times.

If a student fails to attend the mid-term exams, the exam will be graded as unsatisfactory (1) .

In case both mid-term exams are graded as unsatisfactory (1), there is an opportunity for asecond attempt. If both mid-term exams are graded as unsatisfactory (1), the student'ssemester will not be accepted, and they will not be able to take the final exam for the subject.
The results of both mid-term tests are taken into account when determining the final grade (Mid-term test 25-25%, exam mark 50%).

Making up for missed classes

No possibility

Exam topics/questions

1. Definition of Gnathology and components of the chewing apparatus

2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint

3. Ligaments of the temporomandibular joint, their role, and significance in the function of the joint

4. Classification of the chewing muscles

5. Anatomy of elevator muscles of the mandible

6. Anatomy of proctractor muscles of the mandible

7. Perioral mimic muscles, muscles of the tongue and their functions

8. Morphological characteristics of the incisors and canines from gnathological aspects

9. Characteristics of the occlusal anatomy of molars and premolars

10. Prominent positions of the mandible

11. Definition of occlusal vertical dimension and postural jaw position and their clinical significance

12. Definition of central occlusion and central relation and their significance

13. Definition of eugnath occlusion and deep-bite

14. Definition of curve of Spee and Wilson and their significance

15. Definition of occlusal plain and occlusal surface

16. Definition of retruded contact position, incisal edge-to-edge, lateral cusp- bite and maximal jaw open position.

17. Basic movements of the mandible

18. Symmetrical movements of the mandible

19. Asymmetrical movements of the mandible

20. The points of the mandible examined during the evaluation of mandibular movements according to the classical articulation doctrine

21. Movement paths of the mandibular condyle

22. Incisal quidance /in all planes/

23. Border movements of the mandible in the sagittal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

24. Border movements of the mandible in the horizontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

25. Border movements of the mandible in the frontal plain /incisal point, ectocondylare/

26. Difference between the terms of centric occlusion and central occlusal position of the mandible

27. Difference between the terms of centric relation and central relation position of the mandible

28. Occlusal contacts in the intercuspal contact position of the mandible

29. Occlusal concepts used for artificial shaping of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

30. Occlusal contacts during pro- and retrusive movements of the mandible.

31. Occlusal contacts during lateral movements of the mandible.

32. Definition and components of articulators

33. Classification of appliances used for simulation of positions and movements of the mandible

34. Occludors, simple hinge articulators

35. Characteristics of semi-adjustable and fully adjustable articulators

36. Cast mounting on articulator with the use of Bonwill’s triangle

37. Cast mounting on articulator with face-bow

38. Programming the articulator

39. Definition of Bonwill’s triangle and Balkwill’s angle

40. Components of the occlusal surface

41. Anatomical and physiological occlusal surface of the teeth

42. Definition of supporting and guiding cusps

43. Classification of basic bite-types

44. Definition of Bennett-movement

45. Position of cusp-marginal ridge and cusp-fossa type occlusal contacts

46. Definition of tooth guidance

47. Masticatory movements of the mandible

48. Adaptation of cuspal teeth’s occlusal surfaces to mandibular movement paths

49. Articulation concepts of occlusal surfaces in natural and artificial dentition

50. Occlusal surface shaping of lower premolars with wax-up technique

51. Occlusal surface shaping of upper premolars with wax-up technique

52. Occlusal surface shaping of lower molars with wax-up technique

53. Occlusal surface shaping of upper molars with wax-up technique

54. Graphical recording methods

55. Direction lines and plains on the head, anthropological reference points

56. Lines determined by anthropological reference points and anthropological plains

57. Anatomy of the upper jaw

58. Anatomy of the mandible

59. Basic characteristics of human dentition

60. Changes of occlusion in adults, different types of tooth wear.

61. Sagittal Christensen phenomen

62. Lateral Christensen phenomen

63. Innervation of the function of the chewing apparatus

Examiners

• Baumann Petra Henrietta
• Benke Beáta
• Marada Gyula
• Markovics Dóra

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars