Pharmacology 2

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2025-2026

Topic

The general aim of the subject is to provide the medical students with all the basic information in pharmacology necessary to understand the actions of drugs and the clinical pharmacotherapy and to pass the Foreign Medical Graduate Examination in Medical Sciences. Pharmacology can be defined as the study of the manner in which the function of living systems is affected by chemical agents. Therefore, the students should be familiar with the basic knowledge of the physiological, pathophysiological and biochemical background of the pharmacological and therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, drug therapy is closely related to the clinical aspects of diseases.

The following topics will be dealt with. Pharmacology of the central nervous system. Opioid analgesic drugs. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal system. Pharmacology of the endocrine system: pituitary hormones, corticosteroids, reproductive system, thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, insulin, glucagon and oral hypoglycemic agents, vitamin D, treatment of osteoporosis. Chemotherapy: sulphonamides and trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolide antibiotics, clindamycin, vancomycin, polymyxins, aminoglycosides, antituberculotics, treatment of leprosy. Antifungal drugs, antiviral agents, antiprotozoal drugs, antihelminthic agents, antiseptics and disinfectants. Pharmacogenetics, effects of age, diet and diseases on drug action. Drug interactions. Basics of toxicology.

Lectures

• 1. Neurotransmitters of the CNS - Szőke Éva
• 2. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs I - Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• 3. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs II - Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• 4. Antipsychotic drugs I - Borbély Éva
• 5. Antipsychotic drugs II - Borbély Éva
• 6. Antidepressants I - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 7. Antidepressants II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 8. Opioid analgesic drugs I - Pethő Gábor István
• 9. Opioid analgesic drugs II - Pethő Gábor István
• 10. Drug abuse and dependence I - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 11. Drug abuse and dependence II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 12. Drug abuse and dependence III. CNS stimulants - Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• 13. Drug abuse and dependence IV. Alcohols - Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• 14. General anesthetics I - Pethő Gábor István
• 15. General anesthetics II - Pethő Gábor István
• 16. Antiepileptic drugs - Pethő Gábor István
• 17. Corticosteroids I - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 18. Corticosteroids II - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 19. Estrogens, progestins and their antagonists - Pethő Gábor István
• 20. Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Hormonal contraceptives - Pethő Gábor István
• 21. Androgens, anabolic steroids and anti-androgens - Pethő Gábor István
• 22. Insulin, insulin analogs - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 23. Oral hypoglycemic agents. Glucagon. Anti-obesity drugs - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 24. Drug interactions - Pethő Gábor István
• 25. Drugs acting on bone metabolism I - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 26. Drugs acting on bone metabolism II - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 27. Drugs acting on the thyroid gland - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 28. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 29. Drugs inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis I - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 30. Drugs inhibiting bacterial DNA synthesis II - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 31. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 32. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 33. Drugs inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis III - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 34. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis I - Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• 35. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis II - Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• 36. Drugs inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis III - Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• 37. Antiviral drugs I - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 38. Antiviral drugs II - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 39. Antiviral drugs III - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 40. Toxicology I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 41. Toxicology II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 42. Toxicology III - Börzsei Rita Judit

Practices

Seminars

• 1. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract I
• 2. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract II
• 3. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract III
• 4. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract IV
• 5. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract V
• 6. Pharmacology of the gastrointestinal tract VI
• 7. Treatment of neurodegenerative disorders I
• 8. Treatment of neurodegenerative disorders II. Nootropics
• 9. Adjuvant analgesics. Centrally-acting muscle relaxants
• 10. Local anesthetics
• 11. Group discussion of CNS drugs I
• 12. Group discussion of CNS drugs II
• 13. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones I
• 14. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones II
• 15. Antituberculotic drugs, anti-leprosy drugs
• 16. Antifungal drugs
• 17. Antiprotozoal drugs I
• 18. Antiprotozoal drugs II
• 19. Anthelminthic drugs
• 20. Antiseptics and disinfectants
• 21. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics
• 22. Effects of age, diet, and disease on drug action
• 23. Group discussion: hormonal drugs I
• 24. Group discussion: hormonal drugs II
• 25. Cytotoxic, mutagenic, embryotoxic effects of drugs. Drug allergy
• 26. Group discussion: antimicrobial drugs I
• 27. Group discussion: antimicrobial drugs II
• 28. Group discussion: antimicrobial drugs III

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Materials related to the topics discussed in lectures and seminars will be available in Neptun.

Notes

Recommended literature

Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 9th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2020

B. G. Katzung (ed.): Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 15th edition, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2021

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

None.

Mid-term exams

There is no mid-semester test.

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group in the same week.

Exam topics/questions

1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions
2. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction: occupancy, affinity, concentration-response curve, potency, efficacy, quantal dose-response curve
3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance
4. Mechanisms of antagonism. Inverse agonism
5. The role of transport and membranes in pharmacokinetics
6. Absorption of drugs
7. Distribution of drugs. The competition of elimination and distribution
8. Metabolism of drugs
9. Elimination: general concerns and timing. The clearance. Excretion of drugs
10. Basic concepts of pharmacokinetics. Therapeutic regimens. Individualization of drug therapy
11. Drug formulations. Prescription writing
12. Drug research and development
13. Future perspectives of pharmacology
14. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors
15. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
16. Neuromuscular blocking agents
17. Agents acting on noradrenergic neurons
18. Adrenergic receptor agonists
19. Adrenergic receptor antagonists
20. Pharmacology of the purinergic system, nitric oxide, protein and peptide mediators
21. Calcium channel blockers
22. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
23. Diuretic drugs
24. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure
25. Antianginal drugs
26. Antiarrhythmic drugs
27. Antihypertensive drugs
28. Basic principles of fluid therapy
29. Drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias
30. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs
31. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, hemostatic agents
32. Drugs affecting hematopoiesis
33. Histamine, antihistaminic drugs
34. Serotonin, serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists. Drug treatment of migraine
35. Pharmacology of eicosanoids. Drugs acting on the smooth muscle
36. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, paracetamol, metamizole
37. Drugs that increase regional blood flow. Drugs used to treat gout
38. Immunosuppressants, immunomodulators
39. Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis
40. Antineoplastic drugs: cytotoxic drugs, hormonal agents
41. Antineoplastic drugs: biological therapy
42. Drugs used to treat bronchial asthma
43. Drug treatment of allergic rhinitis. Antitussives, expectorants and mucolytics

44. Drugs used in the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders
45. Emetics, antiemetics and prokinetic drugs
46. Laxatives, antidiarrhoeal agents, drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and paralytic ileus, digestives, drugs used in cholelithiasis
47. Local anesthetics
48. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs
49. Alcohols: pharmacology, toxicology
50. Antipsychotic drugs
51. Antidepressants
52. Antiepileptic drugs
53. General anesthetics
54. Drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
55. Psychomotor stimulants. Nootropic agents.
56. Opioid analgesic drugs
57. Adjuvant analgesics. Centrally-acting muscle relaxants
58. Drug abuse and dependence: general principles, opioids, anti-anxiety and hypnotic drugs, inhalants, ethanol
59. Drug abuse and dependence: psychomotor stimulants, psychedelics, cannabis
60. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
61. Corticosteroids
62. Estrogens, antiestrogens, progestins, antiprogestins
63. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraceptives
64. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens
65. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs
66. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Glucagon. Drug treatment of obesity
67. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D, drugs used to treat osteoporosis
68. Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine. Fluoroquinolones
69. Nitroimidazoles. RNA polymerase inhibitors
70. Penicillins, cefalosporins
71. Carbapenems, monobactams
72. Glycopeptide antibiotics. Daptomycin, fosfomycin, bacitracin, polymyxins, gramicidins
73. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides
74. Macrolide antibiotics, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, oxazolidinones, streptogramins
75. Antituberculotic drugs. Anti-leprosy drugs
76. Antifungal drugs
77. Antiviral drugs: drugs against herpes and hepatitis viruses
78. Antiviral drugs: drugs against HIV and influenza viruses
79. Antiprotozoal drugs
80. Anthelminthic drugs
81. Antiseptics and disinfectants
82. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics. Effects of age, diet and disease on drug action
83. Drug interactions
84. Harmful effects of drugs (cytotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, allergic)
85. Basic principles of the treatment of the intoxicated patient
86. Drug intoxications
 

Upon the oral exam, 2 exam topics are chosen. In addition to these exam topics, important parts of the exam are the questions that aim at assessing the general knowledge of the student. Bad performance in this part of the exam may lead to failure regardless of the answers to exam topics.

Examiners

• Borbély Éva
• Pethő Gábor István
• Pozsgai Gábor
• Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Borbély Éva
• Börzsei Rita Judit
• Csekő Kata
• Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• Konkoly János
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Pethő Gábor István
• Pozsgai Gábor
• Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• Simonné Hajna Zsófia Réka
• Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• Zsidó Balázs Zoltán