Pharmacology 1

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The general aim of the subject is to provide the medical students with all the basic information in pharmacology necessary to understand the actions of drugs and the clinical pharmacotherapy and to pass the Foreign Medical Graduate Examination in Medical Sciences. Pharmacology can be defined as the study of the manner in which the function of living systems is affected by chemical agents. Therefore, the students should be familiar with the basic knowledge of the physiological, pathophysiological and biochemical background of the pharmacological and therapeutic approaches. On the other hand, drug therapy is closely related to the clinical aspects of diseases.

The following topics will be dealt with. Definitions, prescription writing, drug development, drug formulations. General aspects of mechanisms of drug actions: characterization of drug-receptor interactions, mechanisms of drug antagonism, signal transduction mechanisms of drug receptors. General and quantitative aspects of pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs. Pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovascular pharmacology: drugs used to treat congestive heart failure, antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Drugs used to treat cancer, immunopharmacology.

Lectures

• 1. Introduction to pharmacology - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 2. Introduction to neuropharmacology - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 3. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 4. Muscarinic receptor antagonists - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 5. Neuromuscular blocking agents - Pethő Gábor István
• 6. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines - Pethő Gábor István
• 7. Adrenergic receptor agonists I - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 8. Adrenergic receptor agonists II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 9. Adrenergic receptor antagonists - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 10. Pharmacological aspects of the purinergic system and nitric oxide - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 11. Pharmacological significance of the protein and peptide mediators - Szőke Éva
• 12. Calcium channel blockers - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 13. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 14. Diuretic drugs I - Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• 15. Diuretic drugs II - Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• 16. Antiarrhythmic drugs I - Pethő Gábor István
• 17. Antiarrhythmic drugs II - Pethő Gábor István
• 18. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 19. Antianginal drugs - Pethő Gábor István
• 20. Antihypertensive drugs - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 21. Principles of fluid therapy - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 22. Drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias I - Borbély Éva
• 23. Drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias II - Borbély Éva
• 24. Drugs affecting hemostasis I - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 25. Drugs affecting hemostasis II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 26. Drugs affecting hemostasis III - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 27. Drugs affecting hematopoiesis I - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 28. Drugs affecting hematopoiesis II - Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• 29.

  Pharmacological targets of inflammation

  - Borbély Éva
• 30. Histamine and histamine receptor antagonists - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 31. Serotonin, serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists - Pethő Gábor István
• 32. Pharmacology of eicosanoids - Pethő Gábor István
• 33. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs I - Pethő Gábor István
• 34.

  Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs II. Paracetamol, metamizole

  - Pethő Gábor István
• 35. Basics of biological therapy - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 36. Immunosuppressants - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 37.

  Immunomodulators. Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis

  - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 38.

  Drugs used in the therapy of neoplastic diseases I

  - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 39.

  Drugs used in the therapy of neoplastic diseases II

  - Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• 40. Drug research - Hetényi Csaba
• 41. Drug development - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 42. Future perscpectives of pharmacology - Sánticsné Pintér Erika

Practices

Seminars

• 1. Basic terms of pharmacology
• 2. Drug names, drug compendia
• 3. Basic mechanisms of drug actions
• 4. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction I
• 5. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction II
• 6. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction III
• 7. Signal transduction
• 8. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance
• 9. Mechanisms of antagonism
• 10. Inverse agonism
• 11. Basic concepts of pharmacokinetics 1. Approaches and the therapeutic role of pharmacokinetics. Physiologic background of pharmacokinetic events after intra- and extravascular administration
• 12. Basic concepts of pharmacokinetics 2. Dose, systemic concentration, exposure, and response (effect). Connection of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
• 13. Events following an intravascular bolus. Elimination 1: General concerns and the timing of elimination. The clearance. The competition of elimination and distribution
• 14. The role of transport and membranes in pharmacokinetics
• 15. Distribution. Elimination 2: Hepatic and renal elimination. Excretion. Metabolism
• 16. Physiologic and physicochemical determinants of drug absorption
• 17. Events following an extravascular dose. Absorption
• 18. Therapeutic regimens
• 19.

  Individualization of the drug therapy. Non-linear pharmacokinetics

• 20.

  Prescription writing. Drugs increasing regional blood flow. Drug treatment of gout

• 21.

  Discussion of cardiovascular drugs I

• 22.

  Discussion of cardiovascular drugs II

• 23.

  Drug formulations I

• 24.

  Drug formulations II

• 25. Drugs acting on smooth muscle
• 26. Drugs acting on the respiratory tract I
• 27. Drugs acting on the respiratory tract II
• 28. Drugs acting on the respiratory tract III

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Materials related to the topics discussed in lectures and seminars will be available on Teams.

Notes

Recommended literature

Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 9th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2020

B. G. Katzung (ed.): Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 15th edition, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2021

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

None.

Mid-term exams

There is no mid-semester test.

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group in the same week.

Exam topics/questions

1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions)
2. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction: occupancy, affinity, concentration-response curve, potency, efficacy, quantal dose-response curve
3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance to drugs
4. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms. Inverse agonism
5. The role of transport and membranes in pharmacokinetics
6. Absorption of drugs
7. Distribution of drugs. The competition of elimination and distribution
8. Metabolism of drugs
9. Elimination: general concerns and timing. The clearance. Excretion of drugs
10. Basic concepts of pharmacokinetics. Therapeutic regimens. Individualization of drug therapy. Non-linear pharmacokinetics
11. Drug formulations. Prescription writing
12. Drug research and development
13. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors
14. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
15. Neuromuscular blocking agents
16. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines
17. Adrenergic receptor agonists
18. Adrenergic receptor antagonists
19. Pharmacology of protein and peptide mediators, the purinergic system and nitric oxide
20. Calcium channel blockers
21. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
22. Diuretic drugs
23. Antiarrhythmic drugs
24. Drugs used to treat congestive heart failure
25. Antianginal drugs
26. Antihypertensive drugs
27. Basic principles of fluid therapy
28. Drugs used to treat hyperlipoproteinemias
29. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs
30. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, hemostatic agents
31. Drugs affecting hematopoiesis
32. Histamine, antihistaminic drugs
33. Serotonin, serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists. Drug treatment of migraine
34. Pharmacology of eicosanoids. Drugs acting on the smooth muscle
35. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, paracetamol, metamizole
36. Drugs that increase regional blood flow. Drugs used to treat gout
37. Antineoplastic drugs: cytotoxic drugs
38. Antineoplastic drugs: biological therapy
39. Immunosuppressants, immunomodulators,

40. Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis
41. Drugs used to treat bronchial asthma
42. Drug treatment of allergic rhinitis. Antitussives, expectorants and mucolytics

Upon the oral exam, 2 exam topics are chosen. In addition to these exam topics, important parts of the exam are the questions that aim at assessing the general knowledge of the student. Bad performance in this part of the exam may lead to failure regardless of the answers to exam topics.

Examiners

• Borbély Éva
• Börzsei Rita Judit
• Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• Pethő Gábor István
• Pozsgai Gábor
• Sándor Zoltán (1968, Farmakológia)
• Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• Simonné Hajna Zsófia Réka
• Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Borbély Éva
• Börzsei Rita Judit
• Csekő Kata
• Gasznerné Kormos Viktória
• Hetényi Csaba
• Horváth Ádám (Farmakológia)
• Horváth Ádám István (Farmakológia)
• Király Ágnes Éva
• Konkoly János
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Mohos Violetta Karolin
• Pethő Gábor István
• Pozsgai Gábor
• Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• Simonné Hajna Zsófia Réka
• Tamasikné Helyes Zsuzsanna
• Zsidó Balázs Zoltán