Pathology 2 - Systemic - Organ Pathology

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2023-2024

Topic

There is a special emphasis during the course on the clinicopathological view of the diseases, i.e., understanding the relationship of the clinical symptoms, macroscopical and microscopical changes of the diseased organs. By the end of the academic year, a basic clinicopathological affinity and competence in differential diagnosis is required of the students. Fundamentals and major examples of specific, organ pathology are discussed. The systemic pathology course involves the major fields of organ pathology not discussed in Pathology 1: dermatopathology, hematopathology, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, kidney, male and female genital tract, skeletal system, endocrine system and soft tissues pathology. Cardiovascular pathology and pathology of the respiratory tract have been discussed during Pathology 1 course.
The main educational task of the subject:
The pathology course will form the basis for later clinical studies by teaching organ specific pathology knowledge, including the etiology and pathomechanism of diseases and the entire spectrum of pathological diagnostics from macroscopy and microscopy to special ancillary techniques (ultrastructural analysis, molecular pathology) with their clinical relevance.

Lectures

• 1. Circulatory disorders of the liver. Non-viral inflammations in the liver. Drug hepatopathies - Dr. Pajor László
• 2. Acute viral hepatitis - Dr. Pajor László
• 3. Chronic viral hepatitides - Dr. Pajor László
• 4. Cirrhosis and hepatic failure - Dr. Pajor László
• 5. Tumor-like conditions and true neoplasia of the liver - Dr. Pajor László
• 6. Pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts and exocrine pancreas - Dr. Pajor László
• 7. Congenital malformations of face, inflammatory changes, tumor-like conditions and tumours of the oral cavity - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 8. Inflammatory diseases and tumours of the salivary glands - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 9. Congenital and acquired diseases as well as tumors of the oesophagus - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 10. Pathology of the stomach - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 11. Pathology of the small intestines - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 12. Pathology of the colon and rectum - Dr. Bogner Barna István
• 13. Pathological conditions of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 14. Pathology of the thyroid gland (developmental abnormalities, hyperplasia, thyreoiditis, tumours) - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 15. Pathology of the parathyroid glands - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 16. Pathology of the adrenal gland. MEN - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 17. Pathogenesis of the soft tissue tumors. Fibrous, fibrohistiocyter neoplasms of the soft tissues and tumors of the fat tissue - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 18. Tumors of the smooth- and striated muscle. Tumors of the peripherial nerves, PNET. Synovial sarcoma. - Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• 19. Ontogenesis of the lymphoid cells, lymphoid cell populations - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 20. Reactive lymph node changes - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 21. B-cell lymphomas - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 22. T/NK cell lymphomas - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 23. Hodgkin lymphoma - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 24. Haemopoesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 25. Acut myloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndromes - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 26. Malformations of the brain, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 27. Vascular disorders of the central nervous system - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 28. Dementias, neurodegenerative disorders. - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 29. Demyelinisation disorders, multiple sclerosis. - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 30. Inflammations of the central nervous system - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 31. Central nervous system tumors - Dr. Kajtár Béla
• 32. Renal neoplasms - Dr. Semjén Dávid
• 33. Pathology of the bladder and ureter - Dr. Semjén Dávid
• 34. Dermathopathology I - Dr. Gyömörei Csaba
• 35. Dermathopathology II - Dr. Gyömörei Csaba
• 36. Dermathopathology III - Dr. Gyömörei Csaba
• 37. Dermatopathology IV - Dr. Gyömörei Csaba
• 38. Pathology of the testis and its appendices - Dr. Semjén Dávid
• 39. Pathology of the prostate - Dr. Semjén Dávid
• 40. Pathology of the penis - Dr. Semjén Dávid
• 41. Pathology of the vulva and the vagina - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 42. Inflammatory lesions of the female genital tract - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 43. Sexualy transmitted diseases - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 44. Pathology of the cervix - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 45. Pathology of the uterine corpus - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 46. Pathology of the ovaries - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 47. Pathology of pregnancy I (abnormalities of implantation, gestosis, trophoblastic tumours) - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 48. Pathology of pregnancy II (transplacental infections, chromosomal aberrations) - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 49. Pathology of the breast - Dr. Kálmán Endre
• 50. Renal failure - Dr. Kereskai László
• 51. Cystic diseases of the kidney - Dr. Kereskai László
• 52. Pathogenesis and classification of glomerulonephritides - Dr. Kereskai László
• 53. Tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases - Dr. Kereskai László
• 54. Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases - Dr. Kereskai László
• 55. Benign bone tumors - Dr. Kereskai László
• 56. Malignant bone tumors - Dr. Kereskai László

Practices

• 1. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 2. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 3. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 4. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 5. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 6. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 7. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 8. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 9. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 10. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 11. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 12. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 13. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 14. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 15. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 16. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 17. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 18. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 19. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 20. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 21. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 22. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 23. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 24. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 25. Autopsy exam
• 26. Autopsy exam
• 27. Additional autopsy exam opportunity (to correct grade)
• 28. Additional autopsy exam opportunity (to correct grade)

Seminars

• 1. Pathology of liver, bile ducts, pancreas
• 2. Pathology of liver, bile ducts, pancreas 2
• 3. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 1
• 4. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 2
• 5. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 3
• 6. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 4
• 7. Dermatopathology
• 8. Dermatopathology 2
• 9. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues
• 10. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 2
• 11. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 3
• 12. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 4
• 13. Hematopathology
• 14. Hematopathology 2
• 15. Neuropathology
• 16. Neuropathology 2
• 17. Neuropathology 3
• 18. Neuropathology 4
• 19. Pathology of male genital tract and uropathology
• 20. Pathology of male genital tract and uropathology 2
• 21. Pathology of female genital tract 3
• 22. Pathology of female genital tract 4
• 23. Pathology of female genital tract 5
• 24. Pathology of female genital tract 6
• 25. Nephropathology
• 26. Nephropathology 2
• 27. Pathology of the bone
• 28. Pathology of the bone 2

Reading material

Obligatory literature

S. L. Robins, V. Kumar: Basic Pathology, 11th edition, Elsevier, 2022, ISBN: 9780323790185
Previous editions are acceptable.

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture handouts, videos as well as slide decriptions are available at Potepedia.

Notes

Recommended literature

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Absences exceeding 15% each of the histopathology and autopsy practical classes will result in denial of signing the gradebook. Maximum absence: two (2x45 min.) Histopathology Seminars and two (2x45 min.) Autopsy practises.

Mid-term exams

Recognition of diseases based on gross morphology, interpretation of basic clinicopathology and providing differential will be examined at an autopsy exam on the 13th week. A practical grade will be assigned to students, that counts as one part of the final exam. The final exam will consist of five parts: practical grade, one macropreparation, one histological preparation and two theoretical questions. An extra macropreparations will be given to those who failed the autopsy exam. Details of the autopsy exam will be provided at the beginning of the Semester.

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group.

Exam topics/questions

PREPARATIONS
I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILIARY TRACT, PANCREAS
1 Echinococcus cysts in the liver
2 Macronodular (postnecrotic) cirrhosis
3 Focal nodular hyperplasia
4 Hepatocellular carcinoma
5 Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
6 Esophageal diverticulum
7 Esophageal carcinoma
8 Penetrating, chronic, ventricular ulcer (penetrating into pancreas)
9 Exophytic carcinoma of the stomach
10 Pyloric carcinoma
11 Crohn's disease
12 Colonic diverticulosis
13 Ulcerative colitis
14 Rectal polyp (repetition)
15 Rectal adenocarcinoma (repetition)
16 Linitis plastica and Krukenberg tumor

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY
17 Melanoma of the eye
18 Metastasizing melanoma
19 Cylindromatosis (turban tumour)

IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES
20 Craniopharyngeoma
21 Suprarenal cortical adenoma
22 Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland

V. HEMATOPATHOLOGY
23 Burkitt's lymphoma
24 Multiple myeloma
25 CML extreme splenomegaly
26 Lymphomatous polyposis of small and large intestine

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY
27 Epidural haemorhage
28 Subdural haemorhage
29 Subarachnoidal haemorhage
30 Secondary hemorrhage of the pons, hematocephalus
31 Meningioma
32 Glioblastoma
33 Medulloblastoma
34 Multiple brain metastases
35 Cerebral atrophy (repetition)
36 Multiple sclerosis

VII. PATHOLOGY OF MALE GENITALS AND UROPATHOLOGY
37 Clear cell carcinoma of kidney
38 Wilms tumor
39 Carcinoma of urinary bladder
40 Prostate adenocarcinoma
41 Mixed germ cell tumor; seminoma and teratoma
42 Penal carcinoma

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
43 Carcinoma of the cervix
44 Endometrial polyp
45 Carcinoma of the uterine corpus
46 Mucinous, multilocular cystadenoma of the ovary
47 Teratoma of the ovary (embryonal)
48 Dermoid cyst (repetition)
49 Hydatidiform mole
50 Fibroadenoma of the breast (repetition)
51 Carcinoma of the breast (repetition)
52 Mastitis carcinomatosa
53 Paget's disease
54 Serous papillary adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY
55 Polycystic kidney (infantile sponge kidney)
56 Polycystic kidney (adult type)
57 Congenital hydronephrosis
58 Nephrosclerosis

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES
59 Osteogenic sarcoma
60 Chondrosarcoma

SLIDES
I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILE TRACT, PANCREAS
1 Congenital hepatic fibrosis
2 HBs antigen positivism (Shikata orcein)
3 Chronic hepatitis (PBC)
4 Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
5 Pleiomorphic adenoma
6 Helicobacter pylori infection (Warthin-Starry)
7 Coeliac disease - subtotal/total villus atrophy (Marsh 3c)
8 Crohn's disease
9 Carcinoid of the appendix
10 Rectal adenocarcinoma

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY
11 Seborrhoeic keratosis
12 Basal cell carcinoma
13 Nodular melanoma
14 Melanocytic nevus and superficially spreading melanoma
15 Bullous pemphigoid
16 Psoriasis

IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES
17 Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervain)
18 Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
19 Graves disease
20 Hashimoto thyroiditis
21 Parathyroid adenoma
22 Phaeochromocytoma
23 Leiomyosarcoma
24 Myxoid liposarcoma

V. HAEMATOPATHOLOGY
25 Toxoplasma lymphadenitis
26 Follicular lymphoma
27 CLL/SLL infiltration in lymph node
28 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
29 Hodgkin lymphoma
30 CML, CP smear

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY
31 Oligodendroglioma
32 Glioblastoma
33 Senile plaques and neurofibrillar degeneration
34 Prion disease, spongioform encephalopathy

VII. PATHOLOGY OF MALE GENITAL TRACT AND UROPATHOLOGY
35 Prostatic adenocarcinoma
36 Seminoma
37 Mixed germ cell tumor
38 Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney
39 Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
40 Endometrial adenocarcinoma (curettage)
41 Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
42 Hydatidiform mole
43 Complex sclerosing lesion
44 Paget disease
45 Invasive ductal carcinoma

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY
46 Rapidly progressive GN with crescents
47 Hyalinised glomeruli
48 Kimmelstiel Wilson syndrome

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES
49 Giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma)

THEORETICAL QUESTIONS
I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILE DUCTS, PANCREAS
1 Hepatic lesions caused by circulatory disorders. Nonviral inflammatory diseases of the liver. Drug hepatopathies.
2 Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms)
3 Chronic viral hepatitis (aetiology, types, pathomorphology and differential diagnostics, detection of virus associated antigens and their significance)
4 Cirrhosis and hepatic failure
5 Tumours and tumorlike conditions of the liver
6 Cholelithiasis (aetiology and complications) and pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract
7 Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Tumours of the pancreas

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
8 Developmental malformations of the face. Inflammatory and tumorous diseases of the oral cavity.
9 Pathology of the salivary glands
10 Diseases of the oesophagus
11 Inflammatory and ulcerative disorders of the stomach
12 The benign and malignant tumours of the stomach
13 Malformations of the small intestine. Malabsorption. Tumors of the small intestine.
14 Diverticulosis of the colon. Pathology of colonic polyps
15 Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
16 Colorectal malignancies and their relationship to polypous lesions.
17 Diseases of the appendix and the peritoneum (appendicitis, mucocele, peritonitis, retroperitoneal sclerosis, pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum).

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY
18 Melanocytic lesions
19 Epithelial tumours of the skin
20 Inflammatory skin diseases

IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES
21 Anterior lobe pituitary tumours and their consequences. Posterior lobe syndromes. Disorders associated with hypopituarism (Sheehan’;s syndrome, chromophobic adenoma, empty sella syndrome, suprasellar tumours)
22 Inflammatory, tumorous diseases as well as disorders associated with hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
23 Pathology of the parathyroid glands (hyperplasia, adenoma, causes of hypoparathyreoidism). Multiple endocrine neoplasms.
24 Causes and clinical consequences of hyperplasia and atrophy of the suprarenal gland. Cortical tumours of the suprarenal gland (morphology, clinical syndromes) Cortical insufficiency of the suprarenal gland. Tumors of the adrenal medulla.
25 Pathogenesis and frequency of soft tissue tumours. Fibrous tumours and tumourlike lesions. Fibrosarcoma. Fibromatoses. Socalled fibrohistiocytic tumors.
26 Tumours of adipose tissue and peripheral nerve sheaths, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma.
27 Tumours of smooth and striated muscle (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, types)

V. HAEMATOPATHOLOGY
28 Reactive lymph node changes
29 Indolent B cell lymphomas (FL, CLL, MCL, MZL)
30 High grade B cell lymphomas (BL, DLBCL). Plasma cell neoplasms
31 Hodgkin lymphoma
32 T/NK cell lymphomas.
33 Nonneoplastic bone marrow disorders (anaemia, leukocytosis and leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
34 AML and MDS
35 Myeloproliferative neoplasms

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY
36 Cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, malformations of the brain
37 Dementias and neurodegenerative disorders
38 Demyelinisation disorders
39 Infectious diseases of the CNS
40 Cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial haemorhages
41 Glial central nervous system tumors
42 Nonglial central nervous system tumors

VII. PATHOLOGY MALE GENITAL TRACT AND UROPATHOLOGY
43 Congenital malformations, inflammations and tumors of the penis
44 Prostatitides. Hyperplasia of the prostate, complications
45 Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (pathogenesis, morphology, screening, diagnosis)
46 Cryptorchism, inflammations of the testis, pathology of the testicular capsule and the epididymis
47 Testicular tumours, classification, tumour markers
48 Renal tumours (oncocytoma, renocellular cancer, Wilms tumor, urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis)
49 Cystitides, tumours of the bladder and ureter

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
50 Pathology of vulva and vagina. Venereal infections (syphylis, gonorrhea, HSV)
51 Inflammations, tumourlike lesions and tumours of the cervix. Carcinoma of the cervix (pathogenesis, pathomorphology, screening).
52 Adenomyosis and endometriosis. Dysfunctional bleedings. Endometrial hyperplasia. Endometritises.
53 Pathology of the uterine corpus and the fallopian tube
54 Cysts and tumours of the ovaries (surface epithelial, germ cell, sex cordstromal tumours, tumours, metastases)
55 Pathology of pregnancy I (implantation disorders, gestosis, trophoblastic tumours)
56 Pathology of pregnancy II (transplacental infections, chromosomal aberrations)
57 Mastitides (lactational, ductus ectasia, fat necrosis, galactocele). Mastopathies (fibrocystic change). Fibroepthelial tumours.
58 Breast carcinoma. Pathogenesis, types, prognosis.

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY
59 Renal failure, uraemia. Congenital malformations and cystic diseases of the kidney.
60 Glomerulonephritis: classification according to clinical symptoms. Histologic alterations in glomerulonephritides
61 Nephrosis syndrome: minimal change, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
62 IgA nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis. Glomerular lesions associated with systemic disorders (SLE, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Wegener s granulomatosis, amyloidosis)
63 Nephritic syndrome (acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Diabetic nephropathy.
64 Acute tubular necrosis (ischaemic and toxic). Druginduced (hypersensitive) interstitial nephritis, analgetic nephropathy, urate nephropathy. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis (pathogenesis, morphology, consequences and clinical course)
65 Benign and malignant nephrosclerosis and diffuse cortical necrosis. Diabetic nephropathy

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES
66 Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases
67 Benign and malignant bone tumours

XI. CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
68 Angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, sudden cardiac death.
69 Clinicopathology of acute myocardial infarction.
70 Pathology of the valvular disorders (inflammatory and degenerative ones).
71 Cardiomyopathies. Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the heart.
72 Myocarditis. Pathology of the pericardium.
73 Congenital heart diseases.
74 Types and clinicopathology of the aneurysms.
75 Pathogenesis, classification and clinicopathology of vasculitides. Vascular tumours.

XII. PATHOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY TRACT
76 Diseases of the upper airways
77 Congenital anomalies of the lungs, atelectasis, acute lung injury
78 Infectious disorders of the lower airways (examples of nosocomial and community acquired pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, immunosuppression related infections)
79 General characteristics and types of chronic obstructive lung diseases
80 Chronic restrictive lung diseases I. (IPF/UIP, NSIP, OP, hypersensitive pneumonitis)
81 Chronic restrictive lung diseases II. (pneumoconioses)
82 Vascular diseases of the lung (types of pulmonary hypertension, Wegener granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome)
83 Malignant lung tumors
84 Pleural and mediastinal disorders

Comment: The Department of Pathology reserves the right of minor modifications in the curriculum. Physical preparations may be changed to digital photos when issues of quality emerge.

Examiners

• Dr. Bogner Barna István
• Dr. Kajtár Béla
• Dr. Kálmán Endre
• Dr. Kereskai László
• Dr. Pajor László
• Dr. Pap Anita
• Dr. Semjén Dávid
• Dr. Tornóczki Tamás
• Dr. Vida Livia

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Dr. Gyömörei Csaba
• Dr. Kajtár Béla
• Dr. Kálmán Endre
• Dr. Kereskai László
• Dr. Pap Anita
• Dr. Semjén Dávid
• Dr. Vida Livia