Pathology 2 - Systemic - Organ Pathology

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

There is a special emphasis during the course on the clinicopathological view of the diseases, i.e., understanding the relationship of the clinical symptoms, macroscopical and microscopical changes of the diseased organs. By the end of the academic year, a basic clinicopathological affinity and competence in differential diagnosis is required of the students. Fundamentals and major examples of specific, organ pathology are discussed. The systemic pathology course involves the major fields of organ pathology not discussed in Pathology 1: dermatopathology, hematopathology, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, kidney, male and female genital tract, skeletal system, endocrine system and soft tissues pathology. Cardiovascular pathology and pathology of the respiratory tract have been discussed during Pathology 1 course.

The main educational task of the subject:

The pathology course will form the basis for later clinical studies by teaching organ specific pathology knowledge, including the etiology and pathomechanism of diseases and the entire spectrum of pathological diagnostics from macroscopy and microscopy to special ancillary techniques (ultrastructural analysis, molecular pathology) with their clinical relevance.

Lectures

• 56. Malignant bone tumors - Kereskai László
• 55. Benign bone tumors - Kereskai László
• 54. Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases - Kereskai László
• 53. Tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases - Kereskai László
• 52. Pathogenesis and classification of glomerulonephritides - Kereskai László
• 50. Renal failure - Kereskai László
• 51. Cystic diseases of the kidney - Kereskai László
• 49. Pathology of the breast - Kálmán Endre
• 48. Pathology of pregnancy II (transplacental infections, chromosomal aberrations) - Kálmán Endre
• 46. Pathology of the ovaries - Kálmán Endre
• 47. Pathology of pregnancy I (abnormalities of implantation, gestosis, trophoblastic tumours) - Kálmán Endre
• 45. Pathology of the uterine corpus - Kálmán Endre
• 44. Pathology of the cervix - Kálmán Endre
• 43. Sexualy transmitted diseases - Kálmán Endre
• 41. Pathology of the vulva and the vagina - Kálmán Endre
• 42. Inflammatory lesions of the female genital tract - Kálmán Endre
• 40. Pathology of the penis - Semjén Dávid
• 39. Pathology of the prostate - Semjén Dávid
• 38. Pathology of the testis and its appendices - Semjén Dávid
• 37. Dermatopathology IV - Gyömörei Csaba
• 36. Dermathopathology III - Gyömörei Csaba
• 34. Dermathopathology I - Gyömörei Csaba
• 35. Dermathopathology II - Gyömörei Csaba
• 33. Pathology of the bladder and ureter - Semjén Dávid
• 31. Central nervous system tumors - Kajtár Béla
• 32. Renal neoplasms - Semjén Dávid
• 30. Inflammations of the central nervous system - Kajtár Béla
• 29. Demyelinisation disorders, multiple sclerosis. - Kajtár Béla
• 28. Dementias, neurodegenerative disorders. - Kajtár Béla
• 27. Vascular disorders of the central nervous system - Kajtár Béla
• 26. Malformations of the brain, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema - Kajtár Béla
• 24. Haemopoesis. Myeloproliferative neoplasms - Kajtár Béla
• 25. Acut myloid leukaemias and myelodysplastic syndromes - Kajtár Béla
• 23. Hodgkin lymphoma - Kajtár Béla
• 21. B-cell lymphomas - Kajtár Béla
• 22. T/NK cell lymphomas - Kajtár Béla
• 19. Ontogenesis of the lymphoid cells, lymphoid cell populations - Kajtár Béla
• 20. Reactive lymph node changes - Kajtár Béla
• 18. Tumors of the smooth- and striated muscle. Tumors of the peripherial nerves, PNET. Synovial sarcoma. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 17. Pathogenesis of the soft tissue tumors. Fibrous, fibrohistiocyter neoplasms of the soft tissues and tumors of the fat tissue - Tornóczki Tamás
• 16. Pathology of the adrenal gland. MEN - Tornóczki Tamás
• 15. Pathology of the parathyroid glands - Tornóczki Tamás
• 14. Pathology of the thyroid gland (developmental abnormalities, hyperplasia, thyreoiditis, tumours) - Tornóczki Tamás
• 13. Pathological conditions of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system - Tornóczki Tamás
• 12. Pathology of the colon and rectum - Bogner Barna István
• 11. Pathology of the small intestines - Bogner Barna István
• 9. Congenital and acquired diseases as well as tumors of the oesophagus - Bogner Barna István
• 10. Pathology of the stomach - Bogner Barna István
• 8. Inflammatory diseases and tumours of the salivary glands - Bogner Barna István
• 7. Congenital malformations of face, inflammatory changes, tumor-like conditions and tumours of the oral cavity - Bogner Barna István
• 6. Pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts and exocrine pancreas - Pajor László
• 5. Tumor-like conditions and true neoplasia of the liver - Pajor László
• 4. Cirrhosis and hepatic failure - Pajor László
• 3. Chronic viral hepatitides - Pajor László
• 2. Acute viral hepatitis - Pajor László
• 1. Circulatory disorders of the liver. Non-viral inflammations in the liver. Drug hepatopathies - Pajor László

Practices

• 1. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• ...

  2. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  3. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  4. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  5. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  6. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  7. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  8. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  9. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  10. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  11. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  12. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  13. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  14. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  15. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  16. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  17. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  18. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  19. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  20. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion

  21. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 22. One autopsy case per week, with detailed clinicopathological discussion
• 23.

  Autopsy exam

• ...

  24.

  Autopsy exam

  25. Autopsy exam
• 26. Autopsy exam
• 27. Additional autopsy exam opportunity (to correct grade)
• 28. Additional autopsy exam opportunity (to correct grade)

Seminars

• 27. Pathology of the bone
• 28. Pathology of the bone 2
• 25. Nephropathology
• 26. Nephropathology 2
• 24. Pathology of female genital tract 6
• 23. Pathology of female genital tract 5
• 22. Pathology of female genital tract 4
• 21. Pathology of female genital tract 3
• 20. Pathology of male genital tract and uropathology 2
• 19. Pathology of male genital tract and uropathology
• 17. Neuropathology 3
• 18. Neuropathology 4
• 15. Neuropathology
• 16. Neuropathology 2
• 14. Hematopathology 2
• 13. Hematopathology
• 12. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 4
• 11. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 3
• 10. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues 2
• 9. Endocrinopathology and pathology of soft tissues
• 8. Dermatopathology 2
• 7. Dermatopathology
• 6. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 4
• 5. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 3
• 4. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 2
• 3. Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract 1
• 2. Pathology of liver, bile ducts, pancreas 2
• 1. Pathology of liver, bile ducts, pancreas

Reading material

Obligatory literature

S. L. Robins, V. Kumar: Basic Pathology, 11th edition, Elsevier, 2022, ISBN: 9780323790185

Previous editions are acceptable.

Literature developed by the Department

Lecture handouts, videos as well as slide decriptions are available at Potepedia.

Notes

Recommended literature

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Absences exceeding 15% each of the histopathology and autopsy practical classes will result in denial of signing the gradebook. Maximum allowed absence: two 90-minute Histopathology Seminars and two 90-minute Autopsy practises.

Mid-term exams

Recognition of diseases based on gross morphology, interpretation of basic clinicopathology and providing differential will be examined at an autopsy exam on the 12-13th week. A practical grade will be assigned to students, that counts as one part of the final exam. The final exam will consist of five parts: practical grade, one macropreparation, one histological preparation and two theoretical questions. Details of the autopsy exam will be provided at the beginning of the Semester.

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar may be made up with another group.

Exam topics/questions

PREPARATIONS

I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILIARY TRACT, PANCREAS

1 Macronodular (postnecrotic) cirrhosis

2 Focal nodular hyperplasia

3 Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

4 Pyloric carcinoma

5 Crohn's disease

6 Colonic diverticulosis

7 Linitis plastica and Krukenberg tumor

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY

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IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES

8 Suprarenal cortical adenoma

9 Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland

V. HEMATOPATHOLOGY

10 Burkitt's lymphoma

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY

11 Epidural haemorhage

12 Meningioma

13 Glioblastoma

14 Multiple brain metastases

VII. PATHOLOGY OF MALE GENITALS AND UROPATHOLOGY

15 Prostate adenocarcinoma

16 Mixed germ cell tumor; seminoma and teratoma

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT

17 Carcinoma of the cervix

18 Endometrial polyp

19 Thecofibroma ovarii

20 Hydatidiform mole

21 Fibroadenoma of the breast (repetition)

22 Carcinoma of the breast (repetition)

23 Paget's disease 

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY

24 Polycystic kidney (infantile sponge kidney)

25 Polycystic kidney (adult type)

26 Congenital hydronephrosis

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES

27 Osteogenic sarcoma

28 Chondrosarcoma

DIGITAL PHOTOS

1.      Echinococcus cysta

2.      Carcinoma hepatocellulare

3.      Carcinoma oesophagi

4.      Ulcus pepticum chronicum

5.      Carcinoma ventriculi

6.      Colitis ulcerosa

7.      Melanoma malignum

8.      Craniopharyngioma

9.      Hemorrhagia subarachnoidale

10.  Sclerosis multiplex

11.  Carcinoma renocellulare

12.  Carcinoma urotheliale vesicae urinariae

13.  Carcinoma corporis uteri

14.  Cystadenocarcinoma serosum ovarii

15.  Cystadenoma mucinosum

16.  Cysta dermoides

17.  Teratoma solidum ovarii

 
SLIDES

I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILE TRACT, PANCREAS

1 Congenital hepatic fibrosis

2 HBs antigen positivism (Shikata orcein)

3 Chronic hepatitis (PBC)

4 Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

5 Pleiomorphic adenoma

6 Helicobacter pylori infection (Warthin-Starry)

7 Coeliac disease - subtotal/total villus atrophy (Marsh 3c)

8 Crohn's disease

9 Carcinoid of the appendix

10 Rectal adenocarcinoma

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY

11 Seborrhoeic keratosis

12 Basal cell carcinoma

13 Nodular melanoma

14 Melanocytic nevus and superficially spreading melanoma

15 Bullous pemphigoid

16 Psoriasis

IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES

17 Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervain)

18 Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

19 Graves disease

20 Hashimoto thyroiditis

21 Parathyroid adenoma

22 Phaeochromocytoma

23 Leiomyosarcoma

24 Myxoid liposarcoma

V. HAEMATOPATHOLOGY

25 Toxoplasma lymphadenitis

26 Follicular lymphoma

27 CLL/SLL infiltration in lymph node

28 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

29 Hodgkin lymphoma

30 CML, CP smear

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY

31 Oligodendroglioma

32 Glioblastoma

33 Senile plaques and neurofibrillar degeneration

34 Prion disease, spongioform encephalopathy

VII. PATHOLOGY OF MALE GENITAL TRACT AND UROPATHOLOGY

35 Prostatic adenocarcinoma

36 Seminoma

37 Mixed germ cell tumor

38 Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney

39 Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT

40 Endometrial adenocarcinoma (curettage)

41 Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary

42 Hydatidiform mole

43 Complex sclerosing lesion

44 Paget disease

45 Invasive ductal carcinoma

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY

46 Rapidly progressive GN with crescents

47 Hyalinised glomeruli

48 Kimmelstiel Wilson syndrome

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES

49 Giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma)

THEORETICAL QUESTIONS

I. PATHOLOGY OF LIVER, BILE DUCTS, PANCREAS

1 Hepatic lesions caused by circulatory disorders. Nonviral inflammatory diseases of the liver. Drug hepatopathies.

2 Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms)

3 Chronic viral hepatitis (aetiology, types, pathomorphology and differential diagnostics, detection of virus associated antigens and their significance)

4 Cirrhosis and hepatic failure

5 Tumours and tumorlike conditions of the liver

6 Cholelithiasis (aetiology and complications) and pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract

7 Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Tumours of the pancreas

II. PATHOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

8 Developmental malformations of the face. Inflammatory and tumorous diseases of the oral cavity.

9 Pathology of the salivary glands

10 Diseases of the oesophagus

11 Inflammatory and ulcerative disorders of the stomach

12 The benign and malignant tumours of the stomach

13 Malformations of the small intestine. Malabsorption. Tumors of the small intestine.

14 Diverticulosis of the colon. Pathology of colonic polyps

15 Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

16 Colorectal malignancies and their relationship to polypous lesions.

17 Diseases of the appendix and the peritoneum (appendicitis, mucocele, peritonitis, retroperitoneal sclerosis, pseudomyxoma of the peritoneum).

III. DERMATOPATHOLOGY

18 Melanocytic lesions

19 Epithelial tumours of the skin

20 Inflammatory skin diseases

IV. ENDOCRINOPATHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUES

21 Anterior lobe pituitary tumours and their consequences. Posterior lobe syndromes. Disorders associated with hypopituarism (Sheehan’;s syndrome, chromophobic adenoma, empty sella syndrome, suprasellar tumours)

22 Inflammatory, tumorous diseases as well as disorders associated with hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.

23 Pathology of the parathyroid glands (hyperplasia, adenoma, causes of hypoparathyreoidism). Multiple endocrine neoplasms.

24 Causes and clinical consequences of hyperplasia and atrophy of the suprarenal gland. Cortical tumours of the suprarenal gland (morphology, clinical syndromes) Cortical insufficiency of the suprarenal gland. Tumors of the adrenal medulla.

25 Pathogenesis and frequency of soft tissue tumours. Fibrous tumours and tumourlike lesions. Fibrosarcoma. Fibromatoses. Socalled fibrohistiocytic tumors.

26 Tumours of adipose tissue and peripheral nerve sheaths, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma.

27 Tumours of smooth and striated muscle (leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, types)

V. HAEMATOPATHOLOGY

28 Reactive lymph node changes

29 Indolent B cell lymphomas (FL, CLL, MCL, MZL)

30 High grade B cell lymphomas (BL, DLBCL). Plasma cell neoplasms

31 Hodgkin lymphoma

32 T/NK cell lymphomas.

33 Nonneoplastic bone marrow disorders (anaemia, leukocytosis and leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)

34 AML and MDS

35 Myeloproliferative neoplasms

VI. NEUROPATHOLOGY

36 Cerebral edema, hydrocephalus, malformations of the brain

37 Dementias and neurodegenerative disorders

38 Demyelinisation disorders

39 Infectious diseases of the CNS

40 Cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial haemorhages

41 Glial central nervous system tumors

42 Nonglial central nervous system tumors

VII. PATHOLOGY MALE GENITAL TRACT AND UROPATHOLOGY

43 Congenital malformations, inflammations and tumors of the penis

44 Prostatitides. Hyperplasia of the prostate, complications

45 Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (pathogenesis, morphology, screening, diagnosis)

46 Cryptorchism, inflammations of the testis, pathology of the testicular capsule and the epididymis

47 Testicular tumours, classification, tumour markers

48 Renal tumours (oncocytoma, renocellular cancer, Wilms tumor, urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis)

49 Cystitides, tumours of the bladder and ureter

VIII. PATHOLOGY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT

50 Pathology of vulva and vagina. Venereal infections (syphylis, gonorrhea, HSV)

51 Inflammations, tumourlike lesions and tumours of the cervix. Carcinoma of the cervix (pathogenesis, pathomorphology, screening).

52 Adenomyosis and endometriosis. Dysfunctional bleedings. Endometrial hyperplasia. Endometritises.

53 Pathology of the uterine corpus and the fallopian tube

54 Cysts and tumours of the ovaries (surface epithelial, germ cell, sex cordstromal tumours, tumours, metastases)

55 Pathology of pregnancy I (implantation disorders, gestosis, trophoblastic tumours)

56 Pathology of pregnancy II (transplacental infections, chromosomal aberrations)

57 Mastitides (lactational, ductus ectasia, fat necrosis, galactocele). Mastopathies (fibrocystic change). Fibroepthelial tumours.

58 Breast carcinoma. Pathogenesis, types, prognosis.

IX. NEPHROPATHOLOGY

59 Renal failure, uraemia. Congenital malformations and cystic diseases of the kidney.

60 Glomerulonephritis: classification according to clinical symptoms. Histologic alterations in glomerulonephritides

61 Nephrosis syndrome: minimal change, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

62 IgA nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis. Glomerular lesions associated with systemic disorders (SLE, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Wegener s granulomatosis, amyloidosis)

63 Nephritic syndrome (acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Diabetic nephropathy.

64 Acute tubular necrosis (ischaemic and toxic). Druginduced (hypersensitive) interstitial nephritis, analgetic nephropathy, urate nephropathy. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis (pathogenesis, morphology, consequences and clinical course)

65 Benign and malignant nephrosclerosis and diffuse cortical necrosis. Diabetic nephropathy

X. PATHOLOGY OF BONES

66 Hereditary, inflammatory and metabolic bone diseases

67 Benign and malignant bone tumours

XI. CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY

68 Angina pectoris, chronic ischemic heart disease, sudden cardiac death.

69 Clinicopathology of acute myocardial infarction.

70 Pathology of the valvular disorders (inflammatory and degenerative ones).

71 Cardiomyopathies. Tumors and tumor-like conditions of the heart.

72 Myocarditis. Pathology of the pericardium.

73 Congenital heart diseases.

74 Types and clinicopathology of the aneurysms.

75 Pathogenesis, classification and clinicopathology of vasculitides. Vascular tumours.

XII. PATHOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY TRACT

76 Diseases of the upper airways

77 Congenital anomalies of the lungs, atelectasis, acute lung injury

78 Infectious disorders of the lower airways (examples of nosocomial and community acquired pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, immunosuppression related infections)

79 General characteristics and types of chronic obstructive lung diseases

80 Chronic restrictive lung diseases I. (IPF/UIP, NSIP, OP, hypersensitive pneumonitis)

81 Chronic restrictive lung diseases II. (pneumoconioses)

82 Vascular diseases of the lung (types of pulmonary hypertension, Wegener granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome)

83 Malignant lung tumors

84 Pleural and mediastinal disorders

Comment: The Department of Pathology reserves the right of minor modifications in the curriculum. Physical preparations may be changed to digital photos when issues of quality emerge.

 

Examiners

• Bogner Barna István
• Gyömörei Csaba
• Kajtár Béla
• Kálmán Endre
• Kereskai László
• Pajor László
• Pap Anita
• Semjén Dávid
• Tornóczki Tamás
• Vida Livia

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Gyömörei Csaba
• Kajtár Béla
• Kálmán Endre
• Kellermayer Dalma Lucia
• Kereskai László
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Pap Anita
• Semjén Dávid
• Vida Livia