Organic Chemistry 1 - Theory

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

This subject is a part of chemistry basics. Its aim is to present the nomenclature, structure, physical and chemical properties, synthesis, reaction mechanisms. It is the objective to review the general topics of nomenclature, electronic structure of functional groups and and application of organic compounds in therapy.

Lectures

• 1.

  The nature of chemical bonds; Hybridization; Polar covalent bonds, electronegativity; Acids and bases: Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definition

  - Kálai Tamás
• 2.

  The nature of chemical bonds; Hybridization; Polar covalent bonds, electronegativity; Acids and bases: Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definition

  - Kálai Tamás
• 3.

  Application of theoretical basics in examples

  - Kálai Tamás
• 4.

  The system of organic compounds, functional groups, reaction mechanisms

  - Kálai Tamás
• 5.

  The system of organic compounds, functional groups, reaction mechanisms

  - Kálai Tamás
• 6.

  Isomerism and stereochemistry: constitutional isomerism, conformation, cis-trans isomerism, chirality, optical activity, specific rotation, enantiomers and diastereomers, relative and absolute configuration

  - Kálai Tamás
• 7.

  Isomerism and stereochemistry: constitutional isomerism, conformation, cis-trans isomerism, chirality, optical activity, specific rotation, enantiomers and diastereomers, relative and absolute configuration

  - Kálai Tamás
• 8.

  Isomerism and stereochemistry: constitutional isomerism, conformation, cis-trans isomerism, chirality, optical activity, specific rotation, enantiomers and diastereomers, relative and absolute configuration

  - Kálai Tamás
• 9.

  Application of basics of stereochemistry in examples

  - Kálai Tamás
• 10.

  Alkanes and cycloalkanes; Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, conformation

  - Kálai Tamás
• 11.

  Alkanes and cycloalkanes; Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, conformation

  - Kálai Tamás
• 12.

  The mechanism of radical substitution and the stability of radicals

  - Kálai Tamás
• 13.

  Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and alkynes

  - Kálai Tamás
• 14.

  Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and alkynes

  - Kálai Tamás
• 15.

  Examples for electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes

  - Kálai Tamás
• 16.

  Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology: polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids

  - Kálai Tamás
• 17.

  Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology: polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids

  - Kálai Tamás
• 18.

  Biosynthesis of terpenes

  - Kálai Tamás
• 19.

  Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückel's rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds; Polycyclic compounds

  - Kálai Tamás
• 20.

  Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückel's rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituent effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds; Polycyclic compounds

  - Kálai Tamás
• 21.

  Application of directing effect in organic syntheses

  - Kálai Tamás
• 22.

  Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides; Nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1, SN2, eliminations; Organic halides in the environment

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 23.

  Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides; Nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1, SN2, eliminations; Organic halides in the environment

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 24.

  Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides; Nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1, SN2, eliminations; Organic halides in the environment

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 25.

  Classification of nucleophiles, examples for nucleophilic substitution reactions

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 26.

  Organometallic compounds: their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Li, Si compounds)

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 27.

  Organometallic compounds: their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Li, Si compounds)

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 28.

  Examples for the application of organometallic reagents in nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 29.

  Alcohols: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 30.

  Alcohols: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 31.

  Application of alcohols in nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 32.

  Phenols and ethers: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance: polyphenols

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 33.

  Phenols and ethers: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance: polyphenols

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 34.

  Application of phenols in synthetic organic chemistry

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 35.

  Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties and synthesis of thiols and sulfides; Their importance in biological processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation in biology, AcCo-A, drugs)

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 36.

  Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties and synthesis of thiols and sulfides; Their importance in biological processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation in biology, AcCo-A, drugs)

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 37.

  Some practical examples for the reactions of sulfur containing compounds

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 38.

  Overview of reaction mechanisms: radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions, electrophilic additions, eliminations

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 39.

  Overview of reaction mechanisms: radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions, electrophilic additions, eliminations

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 40.

  How to determine the mechanism of a given organic reaction?

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 41.

  Examples for solving exam questions

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia
• 42.

  Summary

  - Pápayné Sár Cecilia

Practices

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

John McMurry, Eric Simanek: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Thomson Brooks, Belmont, 2007.

Literature developed by the Department

The slides of the lectures are available on neptun Meet Street.

Notes

Recommended literature

T. W. Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry, 7th edition, Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000.

William H. Brown: Organic Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1995.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Further criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with the result different from failed).

Mid-term exams

Students write tests from the subject of the lecture on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th week and at least three of them must be completed better than 50 %. Those who can not complete these tests can not admit to the exam.

Making up for missed classes

Students have to contact the lecturer of the subject.

Exam topics/questions

1. Alkanes: Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, combustion, free radical chlorination, conformation, cycloalkanes, type of ring strains, demonstrate with examples.

2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and alkynes. Electrophilic addition, Markovnikovs rule, 1,2- and 1,4-addition, conjugated and cumulated dienes.

3. Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology; polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids, polymers, rubber

4. Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückels rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. (Nitation, sulfonation, bromination, Friedel-Crafts reactions), direction rules, classification of substituents, polyaromatics: examples, their chemical reactions aromatic electophilic substitution, oxidation.

5. Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, physical properties, reactivity of alkyl halides, synthesis of alkyl and aromatic halides, and reactions of alkyl halides (substitution, elimination); Organic halides in the environment.

6. Organometallic compounds: their structure, their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Na, Li, Si, Cu, Cd compounds).

7. Alcohols, phenols, ethers: Structure, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance.

8. Stereochemistry: isomerism, absolute and relative configuration, chirality, racemates, diastereomers, polarimetry, resolution.

9. Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties, importance in biological processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation in biology, AcCo-A, drugs, sulfonamides, penicillin, cefalosporin).

Examiners

• Bognár Balázs
• Kálai Tamás
• Pápayné Sár Cecilia

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Bognár Balázs
• Kálai Tamás
• Pápayné Sár Cecilia