Seminars in Physiology 2

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2025-2026

Topic

The course is a consultation-type seminar related to the Physiology 2 course in groups of a maximum of 12 people. Six times during the semester, following the theme of the physiology lectures, we will help with the understanding and adequate preparation for the physiology final exams. During the lessons, following the needs of the students, we will discuss the problematic parts of the core material, and we will help the study of physiology with tests and problem-solving tasks. We recommend the course to dentistry, pharmacy, and general medicine students. The course starts in the 3rd week of the semester.

Lectures

Practices

Seminars

• 4. Endocrinology - Zelena Dóra Tímea
• 3. Endocrinology - Zelena Dóra Tímea
• 2. Endocrinology - Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• 1. Endocrinology - Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• 5.

  The spinal cord, postural reflexes, locomotion

  - Kövesdi Erzsébet
• 6.

  The spinal cord, postural reflexes, locomotion

  - Kövesdi Erzsébet
• 7.

  Central nervous regulation of motor functions. The vestibular system

  - Kertes Erika
• 8.

  Central nervous regulation of motor functions. The vestibular system

  - Kertes Erika
• 9. Sensory systems: Vision  - Buzás Péter
• 10. Sensory functions: Vision  - Buzás Péter
• 11. Hearing, olfaction, taste. Sleep. Vegetative functions  - Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• 12. Hearing, olfaction, taste. Sleep. Vegetative functions  - Buzásné Telkes Ildikó

Reading material

Obligatory literature

John E. Hall & Michael E. Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Elsevier), 14th Edition, 2020, ISBN: 0323597122 (Elsevier)

Literature developed by the Department

Notes

Recommended literature

Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition by John E. Hall PhD, Michael E. Hall MD MSc. (2020)

Kim Barrett, Susan Barman, Jason Yuan, Heddwen Brooks Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw-Hill Education 26th Edition (2019)

Thomas M. Jessell Steven A. Siegelbaum: Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition, 2021, ISBN: 9781259642234 (McGraw-Hill)

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Oral presentation of the course material at a chosen time.

Mid-term exams

Class activity is included in the evaluation. We offer the mid-year grade based on mid-semester activity.

Making up for missed classes

The missed class is advised to be covered by joining another group.

Exam topics/questions

1. Acid-base balance regulation.

2. Measurement and disturbances of the acid-base balance.

3. Basic principles of humoral regulation.

4. General characterization of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, neuropituitary gland.

5. Growth hormone secretion and prolactin.

6. Function of the adrenal cortex: synthesis and degradation of steroid hormones. Mineralocorticoids and their effects.

7. Glucocorticoids and their effects.

8. Physiological mechanisms of stress.

9. Internal secretory function of the pancreas, insulin and glucagon.

10.  Hormonal regulation of intermediate metabolism.

11.  The function of adipose tissue. The basics of weight management.

12.  Blood glucose measurement and its clinical relevance.

13.  Thyroid hormones: synthesis, regulation.

14.  Effects of thyroid hormones, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

15.  Hormonal regulation of calcium and phosphate balance.

16.  Male sexual functions. Physiology of coitus, fertilization and the onset of pregnancy.

17.  Physiology of Female Sexual Function.

18.  Endocrinological changes during pregnancy. The placenta and the fetal placental unit.

19.  Physiology of childbirth and breastfeeding.

20.  Regulation of sexual behavior. Parental behavior.

21.  Development and growth.

22.  Puberty, menopause and aging.

23.  Energiaforgalom, metabolism.

24.  Body temperature, fever.

25.  Peripheral and central regulation of body temperature.

26.  General features of the nervous system: organization and homeostasis of nervous tissue, nervous system.

27.  The spinal cord and its role in sensory, motor and integrative functions.

28.  Spinal cord reflexes: concept of reflex, classification and study of reflexes. Spinal cord damage.

29.  Cortical motor function and the pyramidal system. Central and peripheral paralysis.

30.  The extrapyramidal system. Basal ganglia.

31.  How the labyrinth and vestibular nuclei work.

32.  Cerebellar function.

33.  The role of the brainstem in motor skills.

34.  Postural Coordination and Locomotion.

35.  Somatosensory functions. Epicritical and protopathic sensations.

36.  Somatosensory pathways. Physiology of the thalamus and somatosensory cortex.

37.  Physiology of pain, function of analgesic pathways.

38.  Protection of the eyes. Intraocular pressure.

39.  Optics of the eye, refractive error.

40.  Retinal mechanisms.

41.  Field of vision and visual pathway.

42.  Cortical mechanisms of vision.

43.  Colour perception, depth perception and their disorders.

44.  Oculomotor processes.

45.  Function of the outer and middle ear. Hearing tests.

46.  Function of the inner ear. Auditory pathways.

47.  Physiology of taste sensations.

48.  Physiology of smell.

49.  Methods of examination of the central nervous system.

50.  Electroencephalogram (EEG), evoked reactions.

51.  Regulation of Sleep-Wake.

52.  Biological rhythms. Regulation of the circadian rhythm.

53.  Activation systems of the brain: reticular activation system and neurohormonal control, monoamines.

54.  Central regulation of autonomous functions.

Examiners

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Buzás Péter
• Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• Gálosi Rita
• Kertes Erika
• Kövesdi Erzsébet
• Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• Zelena Dóra Tímea