Human Physiology 1 - Practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2025-2026

Topic

The most important mission of the Physiology Course in pharmacy education is to familiarize students with the attributes of healthy functions of the living organism.

While acquiring knowledge about the most important functional characteristics of the human body the students can rely on their prior studies in biology, biophysics, chemistry-biochemistry and anatomy.

During the semester we introduce the most important elements of functioning of the organs and organ systems, as well as their cooperation also required to adapting to the environment, and the factors affecting these processes.

Special emphasis is placed on the neural and humoral regulatory processes of these life-functions, which are vital to maintain and preserve the homeostasis of the organism.

With the transfer of all this knowledge we would like to mould a holistic attitude and thinking of students, which will enable them to better understand the functions of the now healthy, however, later dysfunctional human organism.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Getting acquainted with the laboratory. General information, schedules. Personal- and equipment safety rules. Animal care regulations.
• 2. Examinations of blood I.
• 3. Examinations of blood I.
• 4. Examinations of blood II.
• 5. Examinations of blood II.
• 6. Examinations of blood III.
• 7. Examinations of blood III.
• 8. Physiology of blood.
• 9. Physiology of blood. Report.
• 10. Work stations for electrophysiological registrations.
• 11. Work stations for electrophysiological registrations.
• 12. Introduction: transport through cell membrane, membrane potentials, action potentials, neuromuscular junction
• 13. Experiments on muscles using computer simulation
• 14. Examination of fatigue. Electromyography.
• 15. Examinations of respiration.
• 16. Examinations of respiration.
• 17. The heart and circulation I.
• 18. The heart and circulation I.
• 19. The heart and circulation II.
• 20. The heart and circulation II.
• 21. The heart and circulation III.
• 22. The heart and circulation III.
• 23. Physiology of the heart and circulation.
• 24. Physiology of the heart and circulation. Oral report.
• 25. Gastrointestinal tract.
• 26. Gastrointestinal tract. Report.
• 27. Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.
• 28. Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

John E. Hall & Michael E. Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Elsevier), 14th Edition, 2020, ISBN: 0323597122 (Elsevier)

Literature developed by the Department

Figures of the lectures given are available on the homepage of Institute of Physiology and on the Neptun Meet Street.

Important messages on new information will be announced at the lectures and will be sent to you by course mails.

Please always find the current updated information and study materials on the homepage of the Institute of Physiology (physiology.aok.pte.hu).

Notes

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practices 1, internet study material, printable notebook, 2024

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practice Worksheets 1, internet study material, printable notebook, 2024

Recommended literature

Thomas M. Jessell Steven A. Siegelbaum: Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition, 2021, ISBN 1259642232 (McGraw-Hill) Pocket

Kim Barrett, Susan Barman, Jason Yuan, Heddwen Brooks Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw-Hill Education 26th Edition (2019)

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

To have the semester signed, students must pass the oral lab exam on the 14th week at the time of their scheduled lab practice, where they have two chances to pass. Students with bonus points from both mid-term tests are not required to take the oral lab exam on the 14th week. If the student has missed between 15 and 25% of the practical classes, an additional test question will be asked in the oral lab report. 

Mid-term exams

Two written mid-term tests during the semester. Oral lab report on the 14th week of the semester.

Making up for missed classes

The missed lab practice is advised to be covered by joining another group while the same topic is on schedule.

Exam topics/questions

Questions for the student lab report: 

1. How to use workstations for electrophysiological registrations? 

2. The muscle-nerve preparation. Registration of single twitch, superposition, incomplete and complete tetanus. Examination 

of effect of curare on a muscle-nerve preparation. 

3. Effect of load and fatigue on muscle contraction. 

4. Electromyography in humans. 

5. Contraction and regulation of smooth muscle. 

6. Hematocrit. 

7. Red blood cell counting. 

8. White blood cell counting. 

9. Differential leukocyte count. 

10. Determination of osmotic resistance. 

11. Determination of hemoglobin concentration. 

12. MCV, MCH, MCHC values. 

13. Bleeding time. 

14. Clotting time. 

15. Prothrombin time. 

16. Blood group determination (AB0 and Rh typing). 

17. Recording of heart beats "in situ"; Effect of thermal stimulations. 

18. Electric stimulation of heart and demonstration of extrasystole. 

19. Investigation of pacemakers and electric conduction system of heart (Ligatures of Stannius). 

20. Summation and the Bowditch's "All or nothing" law. 

21. Effect of ions on the isolated heart.

22. Effect of adrenalin and acetylcholine on the isolated heart.

23. Electrocardiography (ECG): the ECG leads and the normal electrocardiogram. 

24. Examination of the arterial pulse. 

25. Measurement of blood pressure in human. 

26. Exercise physiology and physical fitness index. 

27. Direct measurement of blood pressure: variations in the blood pressure. 

28. Direct measurement of blood pressure: investigation of the effects of adrenalin, acetylcholine and stimulation of n. Vagus. 

29. Respiratory pressure and volume changes: Donders model. 

30. Pulmonary function tests: volumes and capacities of the human lungs. 

31. Pulmonary function tests: dynamic parameters of respiration. 

32. Examination of the saliva: pH, digestive effect of alfa-amylase. 

33. Gastric juice: Determination of BAO, MAO, PAO. 

34. Feces: Detection of blood. 

Study material for the semester exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute, as well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices. 

Examiners

• Barabás Klaudia
• Buzás Péter
• Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• Cziger-Nemes Vanda Ágnes
• Jandó Gábor
• Kecskés Miklós
• Kertes Erika
• Kóbor Péter
• Környei József László
• Kovács Gergely
• Kövesdi Erzsébet
• László Bettina Réka (Csetényi)
• László Kristóf
• Lengyel Ferenc
• Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• Ollmann Tamás
• Pál József
• Péczely László Zoltán
• Péliné Kovács Anita
• Szabó István (Élettan)
• Sziládiné Fusz Katalin
• Szőcs Szilárd
• Tóth Attila
• Tóth István Balázs
• Varga Csaba (Élettan)
• Zagorácz Olga
• Zelena Dóra Tímea

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Cziger-Nemes Vanda Ágnes
• Kecskés Miklós
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Pál József
• Péliné Kovács Anita
• Szőcs Szilárd