Human Physiology 2 - Practice

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2025-2026

Topic

The most important mission of the Physiology Course in medical education is to familiarize students with the attributes of healthy functions of the living organism.

While acquiring knowledge about the most important functional characteristics of the human body the students can rely on their prior studies in biology, biophysics, chemistry-biochemistry and anatomy.

During the semester we introduce the most important elements of functioning of the organs and organ systems, as well as their cooperation also required to adapting to the environment, and the factors affecting these processes.

Special emphasis is placed on the neural and humoral regulatory processes of these life-functions, which are vital to maintain and preserve the homeostasis of the organism.

With the transfer of all this knowledge we would like to mould a holistic attitude and thinking of students, which will enable them to better understand the functions of the now healthy, however, later dysfunctional human organism.

Lectures

Practices

• 1. Examination of the renal functions: urinanalysis.
• 2. Examination of the renal functions: urinanalysis.
• 3. Measurement of the oxygen consumption in human.
• 4. Measurement of the oxygen consumption in human.
• 5. Endocrinology: examination of carbohydrate metabolism.
• 6. Endocrinology: examination of carbohydrate metabolism.
• 7. Endocrinology: reproduction, tests of pregnancy.
• 8. Endocrinology: reproduction, tests of pregnancy.
• 9. Seminar: basic neural functions.
• 10. Seminar: basic neural functions.
• 11. Examination of peripheral nervous system on nerve preparation.
• 12. Examination of peripheral nervous system on nerve preparation.
• 13. Examination of human peripheral nervous system: treshold potential, chronaxie, rheobase,
• 14. Examination of human peripheral nervous system: treshold potential, chronaxie, rheobase,
• 15. Basics of the neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system.
• 16. Basics of the neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system. Oral report.
• 17. Examination of reflexes in human.
• 18. Measurement of reaction time and action time in human.
• 19. Examination of somatosensoric system.
• 20. Examination of somatosensoric system.
• 21. Examinations of special senses: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell
• 22. Examinations of special senses: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell
• 23. Examinations of special senses: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell
• 24. Examinations of special senses: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell
• 25. Electroencephalography
• 26. Central nervous system and sensory organs. Oral report.
• 27. Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.
• 28. Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.

Seminars

Reading material

Obligatory literature

John E. Hall & Michael E. Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Elsevier), 14th Edition, 2020, ISBN: 0323597122 (Elsevier)

Literature developed by the Department

Figures of the lectures given are available on the homepage of Institute of Physiology and on the Neptun Meet Street.

Important messages on new information will be announced at the lectures and will be sent to you by course mails.

Please always find the current updated information and study materials on the homepage of the Institute of Physiology (physiology.aok.pte.hu).

Notes

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practices 2, internet study material, printable notebook, 2024

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practice Worksheets 2, internet study material, printable notebook, 2024

Recommended literature

Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition by John E. Hall PhD, Michael E. Hall MD MSc. (2020)

Thomas M. Jessell Steven A. Siegelbaum: Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition, 2021, ISBN: 9781259642234 (McGraw-Hill)

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

To have the semester signed, students must pass the oral lab exam on the 14th week at the time of their scheduled lab practice, where they have two chances to pass. Students with bonus points from both mid-term tests are not required to take the oral lab exam on the 14th week. If the student has missed between 15 and 25% of the practical classes, an additional test question will be asked in the oral lab exam.

Mid-term exams

Two written mid-term tests during the semester. Oral lab report on the 14th week of the semester.

Making up for missed classes

The missed lab practice is advised to be covered by joining another group while the same topic is on schedule.

Exam topics/questions

Questions for the student lab report: 

1. Amount, specific gravity and pH of the urine. 

2. Glycosuria: its causes and its detection.

3. Examination of the urine sediment and evaluation of its results. 

4. Protein and pus in the urine: their causes and their detection.

5. Measurement of the actual metabolic rate in human. 

6. Determination of blood glucose levels. 

7. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 

8. Examination of estrus cycle in the rat. 

9. Tests of pregnancy: Latex probe, Test strip.

10. The muscle-nerve preparation. Direct and indirect electric stimulation of the muscle. 

11. Examination of curare effect on a muscle-nerve preparation. 

12. The law of polar excitation. 

13. Examination of electrotonus. 

14. Pflüger’s laws. 

15. Measurement threshold, chronaxie and rheobase. 

16. Recording compound action potential, examination of summation. 

17. Determination of nerve refractory period. 

18. Measurement of nerve conduction velocity. 

19 Examination of reflexes in human. 

20. Examination of the somatosensory system (tactile, temperature and pain sensation). 

21. Measurement of reaction time and action time in human. 

22. Correction of refractive errors. 

23. Examination of color vision. 

24. Examination of astigmatism. 

25. Examination of visual acuity. Examination of pupillary responses. 

26. Examination of visual field by means of perimetry. 

27. Audiometry. 

28. Examination of air and bone conduction (audible inspections). 

29. Examination of taste perception; examination of olfaction. 

30. Procedure of EEG examination, types and properties of EEG waves. 

Study material for the final exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute, as well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices.

Examiners

• Barabás Klaudia
• Buzás Péter
• Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• Cziger-Nemes Vanda Ágnes
• Jandó Gábor
• Kecskés Miklós
• Kertes Erika
• Kóbor Péter
• Környei József László
• Kovács Gergely
• Kövesdi Erzsébet
• László Bettina Réka (Csetényi)
• László Kristóf
• Lengyel Ferenc
• Marosné Berta Beáta
• Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• Ollmann Tamás
• Pál József
• Péczely László Zoltán
• Péliné Kovács Anita
• Szabó István (Élettan)
• Sziládiné Fusz Katalin
• Szőcs Szilárd
• Tóth Attila
• Tóth István Balázs
• Varga Csaba (Élettan)
• Zagorácz Olga
• Zelena Dóra Tímea

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Cziger-Nemes Vanda Ágnes
• Kecskés Miklós
• KURZUSHOZ RENDELT OKTATÓ
• Marosné Berta Beáta
• Pál József
• Péliné Kovács Anita
• Sziládiné Fusz Katalin
• Szőcs Szilárd