Pharmacodynamics 3

Data

Official data in SubjectManager for the following academic year: 2024-2025

Topic

The aim of the course is to provide the students with pharmacological knowledge that is required for their future work in the pharmacy. Important topics are pharmacology of the endocrine system; chemotherapy of microbial diseases including antibacterial, antifungal drugs, antiviral antiprotozoal, anthelminthic agents, antiseptics and disinfectants; drugs used in chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases; immunosuppressants, immunomodulators, drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Further topics are pharmacogenetics; effects of age, diet and diseases on drug action; drug interactions.

Lectures

• 1. Corticosteroids I - Pethő Gábor István
• 2. Corticosteroids II - Pethő Gábor István
• 3. Corticosteroids III - Pethő Gábor István
• 4. Oestrogens and anti-oestrogens - Pethő Gábor István
• 5. Progestins and anti-progestins - Pethő Gábor István
• 6. Postmenopausal hormone therapy. Hormonal contraceptives - Pethő Gábor István
• 7. Androgens, anabolic steroids and anti-androgens I - Pethő Gábor István
• 8. Androgens, anabolic steroids and anti-androgens II - Pethő Gábor István
• 9. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 10. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 11. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones I - Poór Miklós
• 12. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones II - Poór Miklós
• 13. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones III - Poór Miklós
• 14. Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents I - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 15. Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 16. Insulin, oral hypoglycaemic agents III Glucagon - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 17. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D and drug treatment of osteoporosis I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 18. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D and drug treatment of osteoporosis II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 19. Drugs used in neoplastic diseases I - Pethő Gábor István
• 20. Drugs used in neoplastic diseases II - Pethő Gábor István
• 21. Drugs used in neoplastic diseases III - Pethő Gábor István
• 22. Drugs used in neoplastic diseases IV - Pethő Gábor István
• 23. Immunosuppressants and immunomodulators II - Sánticsné Pintér Erika
• 24. Drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis - Sánticsné Pintér Erika

Practices

Seminars

• 1. Basic principles of antimicrobial chemotherapy - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 2. Sulphonamides and trimethoprim - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 3. Fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazoles - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 4. Antibiotics impairing the function of the bacterial cell envelope I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 5. Antibiotics impairing the function of the bacterial cell envelope II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 6. Antibiotics impairing the function of the bacterial cell envelope III - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 7. Aminoglycosides - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 8. Macrolide antibiotics - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 9. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 10. Linezolid, clindamycin, streptogramins - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 11. Antituberculotic drugs - Poór Miklós
• 12. Anti-leprosy drugs - Poór Miklós
• 13. Antifungal drugs - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 14. Antiseptics I - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 15. Antiseptics II - Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• 16. Antiviral drugs I - Kriszta Gábor
• 17. Antiviral drugs II - Kriszta Gábor
• 18. Antiviral drugs III - Kriszta Gábor
• 19. Antiprotozoal drugs I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 20. Antiprotozoal drugs II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 21. Anthelminthic drugs I - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 22. Anthelminthic drugs II - Börzsei Rita Judit
• 23. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics - Pethő Gábor István
• 24. Effects of age, diet and disease on drug action. Drug interactions - Pethő Gábor István

Reading material

Obligatory literature

Literature developed by the Department

Electronic handouts are provided for most topics.

Notes

Recommended literature

Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 9th edition, Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2019

B. G. Katzung (ed.): Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th edition, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2018

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Nincs.

Mid-term exams

After the 10th week of the semester, a midterm test is written. The test covers the material of the seminars of the first 10 weeks of the semester. Students are required to reach at least 50%. Should someone fail to reach 50%, the semester performance will not be accepted and the student cannot take the exam. In such a case, students not reaching the required 50% on the first midterm test will have the possibility to repeat the written test until the end of the semester. In case of a final failure (that is after the improvement attempt), the student cannot take the exam.

Making up for missed classes

There is no way to make up for missed lectures or seminars.

Exam topics/questions

Reqirements: The semester is closed with the final exam. The exams are oral. The required topics are dealt with during the three courses of pharmacodynamics, including both lectures and seminars.

Exam questions:

1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions)

2. Characterization of agonist-receptor interaction: occupancy, affinity, dose-response curve, potency, efficacy

3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance to drugs

4. Mechanisms of drug antagonisms

5. Transport of drugs across membranes

6. Absorption of drugs

7. Distribution of drugs

8. Biotransformation of drugs

9. Excretion of drugs

10. Quantitative pharmacokinetics: zero and first order elimination, volume of distribution, clearance, elimination half-life, oral bioavailability, calculation of loading and maintenance doses

11. Harmful effects of drugs and their mechanisms

12. Factors influencing drug effects: genetic constitution, age, diet, disease

13. Drug interactions

14. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors

15. Muscarinic receptor antagonists

16. Neuromuscular blocking agents. Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia

17. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines

18. Adrenergic receptor agonists

19. Adrenergic receptor antagonists

20. Local anaesthetics

21. Calcium channel blockers

22. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

23. Diuretic drugs

24. Positive inotropic and other drugs used for treating congestive heart failure

25. Antianginal drugs. Drugs that increase regional blood flow

26. Antihypertensive drugs

27. Antiarrhythmic drugs

28. Antianxiety and hypnotic drugs

29. Alcohols: pharmacology, toxicology

30. Antipsychotic drugs

31. Antidepressants

32. Central nervous system stimulants. Nootropic drugs

33. Drug treatment of neurodegenerative disorders

34. General anaesthetics

35. Antiepileptic drugs

36. Opioid analgesic drugs: morphine and codeine

37. Opioid analgesic drugs: semisynthetic, synthetic opioids, opioid antagonists

38. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: aspirin, paracetamol

39. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs: drugs other than aspirin or paracetamol

40. Adjuvant analgesics. Drugs used for treating gout. Centrally-acting muscle relaxants

41. Basic terms of drug abuse. Psychedelics, nicotine, cannabis, inhalants

42. Drugs used for treating hyperlipoproteinaemias

43. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs

44. Fibrinolytics, antifibrinolytics, hemostatic agents

45. Drugs affecting haematopoiesis

46. Histamine, H1 and H2 receptor antagonists

47. Serotonin, serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists. Drug treatment of migraine

48. Pharmacology of eicosanoids. Drugs acting on the smooth muscle: smooth muscle relaxants, pharmacology of the uterine muscle

49. Drugs used in bronchial asthma

50. Drugs used in allergic rhinitis. Antitussive, expectorant and mucolytic agents

51. Drugs used in the treatment of peptic ulcer

52. Emetics, antiemetics and prokinetic drugs. Digestives, drugs used in cholelithiasis

53. Laxatives, antidiarrheal agents, drug treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

54. Corticosteroids

55. Oestrogens, antioestrogens, progestins, antiprogestins

56. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraceptives

57. Androgens, anabolic steroids, antiandrogens

58. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs

59. Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

60. Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents. Glucagon

61. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D, drugs used for treating osteoporosis

62. Sulphonamides and trimethoprim. Fluoroquinolones. Nitroimidazoles

63. Beta-lactam antibiotics

64. Glycopeptide antibiotics, lipopeptides, polymyxines, gramicidins

65. Aminoglycosides. Macrolide antibiotics

66. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, linezolid, clindamycin, streptogramins

67. Antituberculotic drugs. Anti-leprosy drugs

68. Antifungal drugs

69. Drugs against herpes and hepatitis viruses

70. Drugs against HIV and influenza viruses

71. Antiprotozoal drugs

72. Anthelminthic drugs

73. Antiseptics and disinfectants

74. Antineoplastic drugs: alkylating agents, antimetabolites, alkaloids, antibiotics, hormonal agents

75. Antineoplastic drugs: biological therapy

76. Immunosuppressants and immunomodulators. Drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

In addition to the exam topics, an important part of the exam is answering questions that aim at assessing the general knowledge of the student.

Examiners

• Barthó Loránd
• Pethő Gábor István

Instructor / tutor of practices and seminars

• Börzsei Rita Judit
• Fliszár-Nyúl Eszter
• Kriszta Gábor
• Pethő Gábor István
• Poór Miklós