Pharmacobotany 1 - Practice

Adatok

A Tantárgybejelentőben megadott hivatalos adatok az alábbi tanévre: 2024-2025

Tematika

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany, including cytology, histology and morphology of plants. Based on their anatomical and morphological knowledge, students will be able to identify and characterize medicinal plant species. The thorough knowledge of both general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.

Előadások

Gyakorlatok

• 1. Use of the light microscope. Microscopic techniques and preparations (leaf clearing, cross sections, epidermal peels). Plastids and inclusions of the plant cell. Microscopic examination of cleared leaves and starch grains.
• 2. Chemical substances (cellulose, lignin) and thickening types of the cell wall. Investigation of vacuolar content (inulin, alkaloids, tannins, anthocyanins). Microscopic examination of calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate crystals.
• 3. The root and shoot tip; meristematic tissues. Microscopic examination of cambium types.
• 4. Examination of the leaf epidermis and its appendages with light microscope (cross sections, epidermal casts, cleared preparations) and stereo microscope .
• 5. Microscopic study of the vascular tissue system and mechanical tissues in stem cross sections.
• 6. Microscopic examination of ground tissues. Plant secretory systems (schizogenous, lysigenous cavities, laticifers, glandular trichomes, glandular scales, nectaries). Study of aerenchyma and nutrient storing gorund tissue.
• 7. Identification of various plant tissues in microscope slides.
• 8. Morphological analysis of the root and its modifications. Microscopic examination of the tissue structure of true and modified roots.
• 9. Shoot system types, shoot modifications. Microscopic examination of the tissue structure of above ground and below ground shoot types.
• 10. Leaf types, leaf arrangement, parts of the leaf. Shape, margin and venation of leaves, leaf modifications. Study of leaf traits on herbarium specimens. Microscopic analysis of leaf cross sections.
• 11. Morphological analysis of the flower: perianth, androecium, gynoecium. Floral formula, floral diagram. Microscopic study of flower parts.
• 12. Morphological investigation of inflorescences. Identification of inflorescence type on herbarium specimens. Microscopic examination of capitulum.
• 13. Fruit morphology: Dry dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.
• 14. Fruit morphology: Fleshy fruits, compound fruits and false fruits.

Szemináriumok

A tananyag elsajátításához szükséges segédanyagok

Kötelező irodalom

N. Papp: Pharmacobotany Practices, University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2011

Saját oktatási anyag

Farkas Á., Papp N., Bencsik T., Horváth Gy.: Digital Herbarium and Drug Atlas, electronic learning material, 2014 TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016

Jegyzet

Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 1, University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2010

Ajánlott irodalom

D.F. Cutler, T. Botha, D.W. Stevenson: Plant Anatomy. An Applied Approach, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008

A félév elfogadásának feltételei

Attendance and active participation in practices is compulsory. The maximum number of absences is 2.
The practice notebook of students is checked regularly by practice leaders.
Students have to pass 2 written midterm tests.

Félévközi ellenőrzések

Students have to pass (min. 60%) two written exams based on the practice materials. For each test, maximum two other chances (B and C chance) will be offered for students who do not pass the exam on the first occassion (A chance).

In the practice, students have to take notes and prepare drawings based on microscopic examinations. Students have to show their lab notebook to the practice leader, who acknowledges fulfillment of the practice by his/her signature.

The grades of the 2 written practical tests and the lab notebook serve as the basis of the practical grade.

Távolmaradás pótlásának lehetőségei

Participation is compulsory in lab practices; up to 2 absences are allowed. Missed practices can be made up either by joining the other groups or taking extra time at the following lab practice. In all cases, students must make arrangements with their lab instructors in advance.

Vizsgakérdések

1. Structure of the plant cell.

2. Plastids and inclusions.

3. Structure of the cell wall.

4. Meristematic tissues.

5. Epidermal tissue; stomata.

6. Trichomes, secondary epidermis.

7. Vascular tissues

8. Vascular bundle types.

9. Ground tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma.

10. Ground tissues: sclerenchyma, secretory tissues.

11. Root morphology and anatomy

12. Modified roots.

13. Shoot morphology and anatomy.

14. Shoot types.

15. Leaf morphology and anatomy.

16. Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis). Leaf venation.

17. Flower morphology.

18. Inflorescence types.

19. Fertilisation, embryogenesis, ovule and seed.

20. Fruit types: dehiscent fruits.

21. Fruit types: indehiscent fruits.

22. Fruit types: compound and aggregate fruits.

Vizsgáztatók

Gyakorlatok, szemináriumok oktatói

• Farkas Ágnes
• Purger Dragica