Seminars in Physiology 1

Adatok

A Tantárgybejelentőben megadott hivatalos adatok az alábbi tanévre: 2025-2026

Tematika

The course is a consultation-type seminar related to the Physiology 1 course in groups of a maximum of 2 x 12 people. Six times during the semester, following the theme of the physiology lectures, we will help with the understanding and adequate preparation for the physiology exams. During the lessons, following the needs of the students, we will discuss the problematic parts of the core material, and we will help the study of physiology with tests and problem-solving tasks. We recommend the course to dentistry, pharmacy, and general medicine students. The course starts in the 3rd week of the semester.

Előadások

Gyakorlatok

Szemináriumok

• 1.

  Basic physiological phenomena: Humoral and neural regulation. Cellular transport processes

  - Buzás Péter
• 2.

  Stimulus processes. The autonomic nervous system

  - Buzás Péter
• 3. Skeletal and smooth muscle - Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• 4. Fluid compartments. The blood - Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• 5.

  The heart and the blood circulation

  - Buzás Péter
• 6.

  The heart and the blood circulation

  - Zelena Dóra Tímea
• 7. Respiration and gas exchange - Zelena Dóra Tímea
• 8. Respiration and gas exchange - Zelena Dóra Tímea
• 9. The gastrointestinal tract - Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• 10. The gastrointestinal tract - Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• 11. The renal functions. - Buzás Péter
• 12. The renal functions. - Buzás Péter

A tananyag elsajátításához szükséges segédanyagok

Kötelező irodalom

John E. Hall & Michael E. Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Elsevier), 14th Edition, 2020, ISBN: 0323597122 (Elsevier)

Saját oktatási anyag

Jegyzet

Ajánlott irodalom

Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th Edition by John E. Hall PhD, Michael E. Hall MD MSc. (2020)

Kim Barrett, Susan Barman, Jason Yuan, Heddwen Brooks Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw-Hill Education 26th Edition (2019)

Thomas M. Jessell Steven A. Siegelbaum: Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition, 2021, ISBN: 9781259642234 (McGraw-Hill)

A félév elfogadásának feltételei

Oral presentation of the course material at a chosen time.

Félévközi ellenőrzések

Class activity is included in the evaluation. We offer the mid-year grade based on mid-semester activity.

Távolmaradás pótlásának lehetőségei

The missed class is advised to be covered by joining another group.

Vizsgakérdések

1.  Homeostasis and principles of homeostatic regulation. 

2.  Cellular transport processes. 

3.  Ligands and receptors, signal transduction. 

4.  The cell's resting membrane potential. 

5.  Formation of action potential in nerve and muscle cells. 

6.  Propagation of the action potential in nerve fibers. Classification of peripheral axons. 

7.  Neurotransmission: function of synapses. 

8.  Function of sensory neurons. 

9.  General characteristics of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system. Autonomic afferents. 

10.  General characteristics of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system. Adrenal medulla. 

11.  Body fluid compartments in humans, their definition, chemical composition. 

12.  Inorganic and organic components of blood. 

13.  Red blood cells, hematocrit, anemia. 

14.  White blood cells (leukocytes) physiological role, blood picture. 

15.  Blood group systems. 

16.  Blood coagulation I: Primary hemostasis and properties of platelet. 

17.  Blood coagulation II: Secondary hemostasis. Mechanisms inhibiting blood clotting. Fibrinolysis. 

18.  Function of the neuromuscular junction. Electromechanical coupling. 

19.  Molecular basis of muscle function; the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction. 

20.  Mechanics, energetics, heat production, and fatigue of muscle function. 

21.  Muscle force regulation, the motor unit, types of skeletal muscle fibers. 

22.  Electrical phenomena of muscle function, electromyography, muscle tone. 

23.  Smooth muscle function. Comparison of muscle types. 

24.  Biology and functions of the airways, pressure changes during breathing, dead spaces. 

25.  Respiratory mechanics, respiratory function, respiratory work. 

26.  Gas exchange in lungs and tissues. 

27.  O2 and CO2 transport in the blood, causes and types of hypoxia. 

28.  Chemical regulation of respiration. 

29.  Peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms of respiratory control. Respiratory control reflexes. 

30.  Structural and functional properties of cardiac muscle, cellular electrophysiology. 

31.  Basics of electrocardiography: The pacemaker and conduction system of the heart. Generation of theelectrocardiogram. 

32.  Analysis of the electrocardiogram: The 12-lead ECG recording. Analysis of the ECG. Determination of the electricalaxis. 

33.  The mechanical cardiac cycle: pressure and volume changes in the heart chambers. Heart sounds. 

34.  Basics of cardiac muscle mechanics, the Frank-Starling law of the heart. 

35.  Basics of hemodynamics and hemorheology. Hemodynamic characterization of individual blood vessels. 

36.  Measurement and determining factors of cardiac output. The Guyton diagram (ventricular and systemic vascularfunction curve). 

37.  The function of the arterial system. Blood pressure, pulse. 

38.  Physiology of capillary circulation. 

39.  The venous and lymph circulation. Edema formation. 

40.  Circulatory regulation: local regulation of blood flow. 

41.  Circulatory regulation: short-term, nervous regulation of arterial blood pressure. 

42.  Circulatory control: humoral and long-term control of blood pressure. 

43.  The work and metabolism of the heart, circulation of the coronary arteries.

44.  Pulmonary circulation. Causes and types of hypoxia. 

45.  Characteristics of cerebral blood circulation and cerebrospinal fluid. 

46.  Blood circulation of skeletal muscle, splanchnic area and skin. Redistribution of circulation. 

47.  Functions of the gastrointestinal system. Digestive processes in the mouth. Swallowing. 

48.  Digestive processes of the stomach: motor functions of the stomach. 

49.  Digestive processes of the stomach: gastric secretion and its regulation. The exocrine pancreas: secretion andregulation. 

50.  The small intestine: digestion and absorption I. Characteristics of the functioning of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle,adaptation of the circulation of the intestinal canal to the function. 

51.  The small intestine: digestion and absorption II. The surface of the small intestine and its function, digestion andabsorption of nutrients. 

52.  Physiology of liver function I. Blood supply of the liver, functional units, bile production, role of bile acid salts. The gallbladder. 

53.  Physiology of liver function II. The role of the liver in metabolism. The fate of bilirubin, jaundice. Other functions of the liver. 

54.  Functions of the large intestine. Passage of stool. 

55.  Basic principles of the regulation of the gastrointestinal system. 

56.  The basic principles of proper nutrition: nutritional requirements, protein requirements, dietary fibers, body mass index. 

57.  Nutrition: water, mineral salts, vitamins, regulation of iron turnover. 

58.  Glomerular filtration: factors that determine the quantity and quality of the filtrate. 

59.  Renal blood flow. Regulation of GFR and RBF. 

60.  General characterization of epithelial transport processes in renal tubules. 

61.  Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Renal clearance. 

62.  Renal tubular transport processes of organic substances: glucose, amino acids, ketone bodies, proteins, uric acid,urea, UBG. 

63.  Tubular transport processes of NaCl and water, establishment of medullary osmotic gradient. 

64.  Concentration and dilution of urine, osmoregulation. 

65.  Volume regulation (regulation of Na+ balance and extracellular fluid volume). 

66.  Regulation of the K+ homeostasis. 

67.  The function of the urinary tract. Regulation of micturition. 

Vizsgáztatók

Gyakorlatok, szemináriumok oktatói

• Buzás Péter
• Buzásné Telkes Ildikó
• Gálosi Rita
• Mikó-Baráth Eszter
• Zelena Dóra Tímea