Pathology for Dental Students 1

Adatok

A Tantárgybejelentőben megadott hivatalos adatok az alábbi tanévre: 2024-2025

Tematika

Basic pathological cellular responses underlying the various disease processes are taught during this course. These are discussed in the following chapters: cell death, degeneration, intra- and extracellular accumulation, growth disturbances, acute and chronic inflammatory changes, disorders of circulation, genetic disorders, diseases of immunity and neoplasia (general oncology). The most important and frequent diseases in the various chapters are going to be discussed in detail in order to provide students with comprehensive knowledge to understand autopsy practices as soon as possible. Cardiovascular pathology and pathology of the respiratory tract are two chapters of specific pathology that are also discussed during the course.

The driving principle behind this course is to have the students understand the disease concepts as the unity of macroscopy, microscopy, clinical symptoms and laboratory changes; factors that shape the clinicopathological thinking about diseases.

The main educational task of the subject:

The general pathology course will form the very basis for the systemic / organ pathology as well as the subsequent clinical studies by teaching the etiology, pathogenesis and pathomechanism together with the gross morphological and microscopical changes of the various diseases. During this activity the principal and methodology of the diagnostic pathology will be covered.

Előadások

• 1. I. INTRODUCTION, POSTMORTEM CHANGES, NECROSIS (4 LECTURES) Postmortal changes. Cell injury and cell death. Causes of cell injury. Necrosis. Ultrastructural, light microscopical and gross changes - Tornóczki Tamás
• 2. Patterns of necrosis: coagulation and liquefactive necrosis. Organ examples. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 3. Clinicopathology of AMI - Tornóczki Tamás
• 4. Caseous necrosis and adiponecrosis. Apoptosis: morphology, pathomechanism - Tornóczki Tamás
• 5. I. INTRODUCTION, POSTMORTEM CHANGES, NECROSIS (4 LECTURES) Postmortal changes. Cell injury and cell death. Causes of cell injury. Necrosis. Ultrastructural, light microscopical and gross changes - Tornóczki Tamás
• 6. Patterns of necrosis: coagulation and liquefactive necrosis. Organ examples. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 7. Clinicopathology of AMI - Tornóczki Tamás
• 8. Caseous necrosis and adiponecrosis. Apoptosis: morphology, pathomechanism - Tornóczki Tamás
• 9. II. DEGENERATION, ACCUMULATION, PIGMENTS, CALCIFICATION (4 LECTURES)  Degenerations - Vida Livia
• 10. Endogenous pigments - Vida Livia
• 11. Exogenous pigments. Accumulation. - Vida Livia
• 12. Calficiation, lithiasis, amyloidosis. - Vida Livia
• 13. II. DEGENERATION, ACCUMULATION, PIGMENTS, CALCIFICATION (4 LECTURES)  Degenerations - Vida Livia
• 14. Endogenous pigments - Vida Livia
• 15. Exogenous pigments. Accumulation. - Vida Livia
• 16. Calficiation, lithiasis, amyloidosis. - Vida Livia
• 17. III. GROWTH DISTURBANCES (3 LECTURES) Regressive changes: atrophy. Organ examples. Classification of cells according to the mitotic capacity - Kereskai László
• 18. Progressive changes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy 1. - Kereskai László
• 19. Progressive changes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy 2. - Kereskai László
• 20. III. GROWTH DISTURBANCES (3 LECTURES) Regressive changes: atrophy. Organ examples. Classification of cells according to the mitotic capacity - Kereskai László
• 21. Progressive changes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy 1. - Kereskai László
• 22. Progressive changes: hyperplasia and hypertrophy 2. - Kereskai László
• 23. IV. PATHOLOGY OF CIRCULATION (4 LECTURES) Oedema, hyperemia and congestio - Kajtár Béla
• 24. Haemorrhages - Kajtár Béla
• 25. Thrombosis and embolisation - Kajtár Béla
• 26. Hypertension, Shock - Kajtár Béla
• 27. IV. PATHOLOGY OF CIRCULATION (4 LECTURES) Oedema, hyperemia and congestio - Kajtár Béla
• 28. Haemorrhages - Kajtár Béla
• 29. Thrombosis and embolisation - Kajtár Béla
• 30. Hypertension, Shock - Kajtár Béla
• 31. V. INFLAMMATIONS (4 LECTURES) Definition of acute inflammation, cellular and vascular reactions - Kajtár Béla
• 32. Clinicopathological forms of acute inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 33. Chronic inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 34. Granuloma, granulomatous inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 35. V. INFLAMMATIONS (4 LECTURES) Definition of acute inflammation, cellular and vascular reactions - Kajtár Béla
• 36. Clinicopathological forms of acute inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 37. Chronic inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 38. Granuloma, granulomatous inflammation - Kajtár Béla
• 39. VI. IMMUNOPATHOLOGY (3 LECTURES) Hypersensitivity reactions - Kereskai László
• 40. Autoimmune diseases - Kereskai László
• 41. Immundeficiencies, transplantation immunology - Kereskai László
• 42. VI. IMMUNOPATHOLOGY (3 LECTURES) Hypersensitivity reactions - Kereskai László
• 43. Autoimmune diseases - Kereskai László
• 44. Immundeficiencies, transplantation immunology - Kereskai László
• 45. VII. ONCOPATHOLOGY (6 LECTURES) Neoplasia, nomenclature, definitions. Benign and malignant behaviour of tumours. Terminology (nomenclature) of neoplasms. Definition of metaplasia, dysplasia and their relation to neoplasia. Organ examples. Anaplasia - Tornóczki Tamás
• 46. Tumor growth, local spread and metastasis, types of metastases, grading and staging. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Tumor incidence and mortality. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 47. Oncogenes, protooncogenes, oncoproteines, growth factor and growth factor receptor oncogenes (RET, KIT, PDGFR),growth factor receptor overexpression (ERBB1, ERBB2), organ examples. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 48. Oncoproteins and ncogenes in signaltransduction: RAS and RAS signal proteins. Examples for oncogene with non-receptor tyrosine kinase function. The myc oncogene. Types and their changes and role in tumours (c-myc, n-myc). - Tornóczki Tamás
• 49. Tumor supressor genes: RB and p53. Their role in tumorigenesis. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 50. Chemical and radiation cancerogenesis. Microbial carcinogenesis: RNA and DNA viruses. Helicobacter pylori. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 51. VII. ONCOPATHOLOGY (6 LECTURES) Neoplasia, nomenclature, definitions. Benign and malignant behaviour of tumours. Terminology (nomenclature) of neoplasms. Definition of metaplasia, dysplasia and their relation to neoplasia. Organ examples. Anaplasia - Tornóczki Tamás
• 52. Tumor growth, local spread and metastasis, types of metastases, grading and staging. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Tumor incidence and mortality. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 53. Oncogenes, protooncogenes, oncoproteines, growth factor and growth factor receptor oncogenes (RET, KIT, PDGFR),growth factor receptor overexpression (ERBB1, ERBB2), organ examples. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 54. Oncoproteins and ncogenes in signaltransduction: RAS and RAS signal proteins. Examples for oncogene with non-receptor tyrosine kinase function. The myc oncogene. Types and their changes and role in tumours (c-myc, n-myc). - Tornóczki Tamás
• 55. Tumor supressor genes: RB and p53. Their role in tumorigenesis. - Tornóczki Tamás
• 56. Chemical and radiation cancerogenesis. Microbial carcinogenesis: RNA and DNA viruses. Helicobacter pylori. - Tornóczki Tamás

Gyakorlatok

Szemináriumok

• 1. Autopsy practice
• ...

  2. Autopsy practice

  3. Autopsy practice

  4. Autopsy practice

  5. Autopsy practice

  6. Autopsy practice

  7. Autopsy practice
• 8. Autopsy practice
• 9. Necrosis 1.
• 10. Necrosis 1.
• 11. Necrosis 2. Degenerations.
• 12. Necrosis 2. Degenerations.
• 13. Accumulations
• 14. Accumulations
• 15. Growth disturbances
• 16. Growth disturbances
• 17. Pathology of circulation 1
• 18. Pathology of circulation 1
• 19. Pathology of circulation 2
• 20. Pathology of circulation 2
• 21. Acute inflammation
• 22. Acute inflammation
• 23. Chronic inflammation
• 24. Chronic inflammation
• 25. Oncopathology 1
• 26. Oncopathology 1
• 27. Oncopathology 2
• 28. Oncopathology 2

A tananyag elsajátításához szükséges segédanyagok

Kötelező irodalom

Saját oktatási anyag

Lecture slides are found on the homepage of Department of Pathology.

Jegyzet

Ajánlott irodalom

Reading material

V. Kumar: Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, Saunders Company, 2012

A félév elfogadásának feltételei

Absences exceeding 15% of the histopathology classes (two absences are allowed) will result in not signing the gradebook.

One macropreparation, one histological preparation and a theoretical question will be given to the students at the examination by the end of the first semester.

Félévközi ellenőrzések

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group in the same week.

Távolmaradás pótlásának lehetőségei

Making up for missed classes

Each missed seminar has to be made up for with another group in the same week.

Vizsgakérdések

PREPARATIONS

I. NECROSIS

1. Anaemic infarct of the heart

2. Haemorrhagic infarct of the small intestine

3. Gangraena sicca of the toes

4. Cerebral abscess

5. Acute pancreatitis with fat necrosis

II. DEGENERATIONS, ACCUMULATIONS, PIGMENTS

6. Steatosis hepatis

7. Aortic atherosclerosis with aneurysm

8. Haemochromatosis

9. Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema

10. Nodular calcified aortic stenosis

III. GROWTH DISTURBANCES

11. Atrophia cerebri

12. Hypertrophia dilatativa ventriculi sinistri cordis

13. Cor pulmonale chronicum

14. Hyperplasia prostatae

IV. PATHOLOGY OF CIRCULATION

15. Haemorrhagia epidurale

16. Haemorrhagia subdurale

17. Haemorrhagia subarachnoideale

18. Cerebral apoplexy

19. Abdominal aortic aneurysm – parietal thrombosis

20. Left atrial “ball” thrombus

V. INFLAMMATIONS

21. Fibrinous pericarditis - cor villosum

22. Pseudomembranous colitis

23. Lobar pneumonia

24. Bronchopneumonia

25. Pulmonary abscess

26. Miliary tuberculosis

27. Phthisis cavernosa

VI. ONCOPATHOLOGY

28. Fibroadenoma of the breast

29. Carcinoma of the breast

30. Leiomyoma of the uterus

31. Dermoid cyst

32. Rectal polyp

33. Rectal adenocarcinoma

34. Pulmonary metastases

SLIDES

I. NECROSIS

1. Recent infarct of the heart

2. Haemorrhagic infarct of the lung

II. DEGENERATION, ACCUMULATION, PIGMENTS, CALCIFICATION

3. Steatosis hepatis

4. Haemosiderosis of the liver

5. Amyloidosis of the liver

6. Silicosis

III. GROWTH DISTURBANCES

7. Prostatic hyperplasia

8. Endometrial hyperplasia

IV. PATHOLOGY OF CIRCULATION

9. Pulmonary oedema

10. DIC – Fibrin thrombi in the kidney

11. Central hemorrhagic necrosis

V. INFLAMMATIONS

12. Fibrinous pericarditis

13. Pseudomembranous colitis

14. Purulent meningitis

15. Acute appendicitis

16. Sarcoidosis

17. Miliary tuberculosis

VI. ONCOPATHOLOGY

18. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, H-SIL/CIN III

19. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip

20. Adenocarcinoma metastasis in a lymph node

THEORETICAL QUESTIONS

I. POSTMORTAL CHANGES, NECROSIS

1. Cell injury and cell death. Causes of cell injury. Necrosis. Ultrastructural, light microscopical and gross changes. Apoptosis: morphology, pathomechanism.

2. Patterns of necrosis: coagulation type. Organ examples.

3. Patterns of necrosis: liquefactive type. Organ examples.

4. Caseous necrosis and adiponecrosis

II. DEGENERATION, ACCUMULATION, PIGMENTS

5. Definition and types of degenerations. Parenchymal and fatty degeneration. Organ examples

6. Pathomorphology, pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis Aneurysm types

7. Exogenous and endogenous pigments. Anthracosis. Silicosis.

8. Hemoglobinogenic pigments I. Different forms of jaundice and cholestasis, morphology, differential diagnostics.

9. Hemoglobinogenic pigments II. Pathological forms of iron storage Endogenous nonhemoglobinogenous pigments: lipofuscin, melanin, homogentisinic acid.

10. Dystrophic and metastatic calcification. Organ manifestations. Pathomechanism and clinicopathological forms of stone formation

11. Amyloidosis.

III. GROWTH DISTURBANCES

12. Causes of atrophy; general gross morphology and microscopical characteristics. Pathomechanism of atrophy. Definition of atrophy, hypoplasia, aplasia, agenesia. Osteoporosis.

13. Definition, types and organ examples of hyperplasia. Definition of hypertrophy (causes, morphology, changes at cell cycle)

14. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Causes, sequential compensatory changes and functional consequences. Cor pulmonale chronicum.

IV. PATHOLOGY OF CIRCULATION

15. Definition of edema, pathomechanism (Starling law), clinical forms

16. Classification of haemorrhages based on pathomechanism, clinical forms. Congestion and hyperemia.

17. Thrombosis and embolus: definitions, casues, types and clinical consequences

18. Causes, types and pathomechanisms of shock. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

19. Clinicopathological classification of hypertension and complications

V. INFLAMMATIONS

20. Vascular and cellular mechanisms of acute inflammations

21. Clinicopathological classification of acute inflammation based upon exudate types. Organ examples.

22. Definition, causes, cellular and humoral mechanisms of chronic inflammation.

23. Pathogenesis and clinicopathology of tuberculosis

24. Granuloma, granulomatous inflammation

VI. IMMUNPATHOLOGY

25. Mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions, examples of related disorders

26. Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE)

27. Transplantation immunity. Aquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

VII. ONCOPATHOLOGY

28. Neoplasia, nomenclature, definitions. Definition of metaplasia and dysplasia, organ examples and their connections with neoplasia

29. General characteristics of benigh and malignant tumors, anaplasia, tumor growth, local spread and metastasis, types of metastases

30. Incidence and mortality of cancers. Grading és staging. Paraneoplastic syndromes.

31. Oncogenes, protooncgenes, oncoproteins, growth factor and growth factor receptor oncogenes (RET, KIT, PDGFR), overexpression of normal growth factor receptors (ERBB1, ERBB2). Organ examples.

32. Oncogenes and oncoproteins in signal transduction: RAS and RAS signal proteins. Examples of oncogenes wih non receptor tirosine kinase activity, examples. The myc oncogene: types, their changes and roles in tumors (c-myc, n-myc)

33. Tumor supressor genes: RB and p53 genes and their roles in tumorignesis. Neurofibromatosis, NF1.

34. Chemical and radiation cancerogenesis. Microbial carcinogenesis: RNA és DNA viruses, Helicobacter pylori

The Department of Pathology reserves the right to propose minor modifications in the curriculum

Vizsgáztatók

• Bogner Barna István
• Kajtár Béla
• Kálmán Endre
• Kereskai László
• Pajor László
• Semjén Dávid
• Tornóczki Tamás

Gyakorlatok, szemináriumok oktatói

• Gyömörei Csaba
• Hegedűs Ivett
• Kaszás Bálint
• Pap Anita
• Semjén Dávid
• Tornóczki Tamás
• Vida Livia